这个经典心理学实验，说明人类很容易被操纵
<p>在1960年代，心理学家斯坦利·米尔格拉姆进行了一系列有关服从（<span word="obedience">obedience</span>）于权威（<span word="authority">authority</span>）两个概念的研究。</p><p>他的实验包括：让受试者对另一个房间里的人进行高压电击，不过其实那边被“电击”的都是演员，他们会配合着电击进行尖叫，而随着电压逐渐升高，他们最终会停止尖叫（也就是假装死了）。那些电击都不是真的，不过受试者以为自己是真的在电击别人。</p><p>如今，米尔格拉姆的这个实验不管是在科学方面还是道德方面都饱受批评。但他得出的结论——人类生来愿意服从权威——则依旧留下了深远的影响。</p><p>我们先来详细讲一下那个实验的细节：</p><p><span word="During">During</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="learner">learner</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="located">located</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="room">room</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> (<span word="the">the</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="participant">participant</span>), <span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="hear">hear</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="learner">learner</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wall">wall</span>.</p><p>在实验中，他们把“学生”与“老师”分置在隔开的两个房里，不过老师依然能够隔着墙听到学生的声音。其中的老师就是实验的受试者。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="experimenter">experimenter</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="learner">learner</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="memorize">memorize</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="pairs">pairs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="instructed">instructed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="learner">learner</span> <span word="questions">questions</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="learner">learner</span> <span word="responded">responded</span> <span word="incorrectly">incorrectly</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="question">question</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="administer">administer</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="electric">electric</span> <span word="shock">shock</span>.</p><p>实验者告诉老师说这些学生要记住一些单词组合，并让老师去问学生一些考题。如果学生的回答不对，老师就被要求施加一次电击。</p>
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