直接发钱能帮助穷人吗?
<p><span word="Is">Is</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="effective">effective</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="programme">programme</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="history">history</span>?” <span word="asks">asks</span> <span word="Chris">Chris</span> <span word="Blattman">Blattman</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="scientist">scientist</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Columbia">Columbia</span> <span word="University">University</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="adds">adds</span>, “<span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span> <span word="it">it</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="contender">contender</span>.”</p><p>“这是不是史上最有效的发展项目？”哥伦比亚大学(<span word="Columbia">Columbia</span> <span word="University">University</span>)政治科学家克里斯布拉特曼(<span word="Chris">Chris</span> <span word="Blattman">Blattman</span>)问。他补充道：“我认为这个项目能够参与角逐。”</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="programme">programme</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="explain">explain</span>: <span word="give">give</span> <span word="cash">cash</span> <span word="handouts">handouts</span> <span word="of">of</span> $50,000 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="aspiring">aspiring</span> <span word="Nigerian">Nigerian</span> <span word="entrepreneurs">entrepreneurs</span>. <span word="Yes">Yes</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span> <span word="correctly">correctly</span> — <span word="but">but</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Nigerian">Nigerian</span> <span word="cash">cash</span> <span word="drop">drop</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="due">due</span> <span word="course">course</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="merely">merely</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="eye">eye</span>-<span word="catching">catching</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stack">stack</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="papers">papers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="conclude">conclude</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="excellent">excellent</span> <span word="cure">cure</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="poverty">poverty</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="poor">poor</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="money">money</span>.</p><p>这个项目解释起来非常简单：给有志成为企业家的尼日利亚人发放5万美元的现金。是的，上一句话你没看错——更多关于这笔钱的内容会在后面讲到。这只是一大堆研究论文和政策文件中最引人注目的一部分，即认为解决贫困问题的一个良策是直接给穷人发钱。</p><p><span word="That">That</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="naive">naive</span>. <span word="Instinctively">Instinctively</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="victims">victims</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="famines">famines</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="earthquakes">earthquakes</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="shelter">shelter</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="inedible">inedible</span> <span word="cash">cash</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="feel">feel</span>, <span word="also">also</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="cash">cash</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="wasted">wasted</span> — <span word="stolen">stolen</span>, <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="drink">drink</span>, <span word="frittered">frittered</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="treats">treats</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="siphoned">siphoned</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="grasping">grasping</span> <span word="relatives">relatives</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="money">money</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="spent">spent</span>, <span word="will">will</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="generate">generate</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="sustaining">sustaining</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="growth">growth</span>? <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="increasing">increasing</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="types">types</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="reaching">reaching</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="conclusion">conclusion</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="cash">cash</span> <span word="beats">beats</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="alternatives">alternatives</span>.</p>
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