老外告诉你 英语词汇量多大才够？
<p>古人云，“少壮不努力，老大背单词”。各位挣扎在红黄蓝黑各种宝书中的同学或许要问，这单词要背到什么时候才算够？我们不妨来看看外国人的词汇量是多少。</p><p><span word="Britain">Britain</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Guardian">Guardian</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span>, <span word="in">in</span> 1986, <span word="estimated">estimated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="size">size</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="person">person</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="vocabulary">vocabulary</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="developing">developing</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="roughly">roughly</span> 300 <span word="words">words</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="old">old</span>, <span word="through">through</span> 5,000 <span word="words">words</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="old">old</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="some">some</span> 12,000 <span word="words">words</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="of">of</span> 12.</p><p>1986年，英国《卫报》估算英国人2岁的单词量约为300个，5岁时为5000个，到了12岁，词汇量在12000个左右。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="Guardian">Guardian</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="stays">stays</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="words">words</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="remainder">remainder</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="people">people</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="lives">lives</span>—<span word="adding">adding</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="roughly">roughly</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="words">words</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="drawn">drawn</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="course">course</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="producing">producing</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="daily">daily</span> <span word="editions">editions</span>—<span word="while">while</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="graduate">graduate</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="vocabulary">vocabulary</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> <span word="twice">twice</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="large">large</span> (23,000 <span word="words">words</span>). <span word="Shakespeare">Shakespeare</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="largest">largest</span> <span word="recorded">recorded</span> <span word="vocabularies">vocabularies</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="writer">writer</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="around">around</span> 30,000 <span word="words">words</span>.</p><p>《卫报》的研究认为大多数人之后的词汇量都不会有太大的变化。它还指出，12000词汇量基本等同于流行报纸每天文章里的词汇量。但是大学毕业生的词汇量大约是其2倍，约23000个。莎士比亚则是所有英语作家中词汇量最大的之一，高达约30000个单词。</p><p><span word="Francis">Francis</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Kucera">Kucera</span> (1982) <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> 2000 <span word="most">most</span> <span word="frequent">frequent</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="up">up</span> 79.7% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="words">words</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="text">text</span>, <span word="the">the</span> 3000 <span word="most">most</span> <span word="frequent">frequent</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="represent">represent</span> 84%, <span word="the">the</span> 4000 <span word="most">most</span> <span word="frequent">frequent</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="about">about</span> 86.7%, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> 5000 <span word="most">most</span> <span word="frequent">frequent</span> <span word="word">word</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="cover">cover</span> 88.6%.</p>
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