老板们 给你的员工加薪吧
<p><span word="A">A</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="Walmart">Walmart</span>, <span word="America">America</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="largest">largest</span> <span word="employer">employer</span>, <span word="announced">announced</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="raise">raise</span> <span word="wages">wages</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="million">million</span> <span word="workers">workers</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gains">gains</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="small">small</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="announcement">announcement</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nonetheless">nonetheless</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="deal">deal</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="reasons">reasons</span>. <span word="First">First</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="spillovers">spillovers</span>: <span word="Walmart">Walmart</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="action">action</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="raises">raises</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="millions">millions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="employed">employed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="companies">companies</span>. <span word="Second">Second</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="arguably">arguably</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="important">important</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="Walmart">Walmart</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="move">move</span> <span word="tells">tells</span> <span word="us">us</span> — <span word="namely">namely</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="wages">wages</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="choice">choice</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="choose">choose</span> <span word="differently">differently</span>.</p><p>几天前，美国最大的雇主沃尔玛(<span word="Walmart">Walmart</span>)宣布将为50万名员工加薪。对其中许多员工来说，涨幅是很小的，但并不妨碍此事的重要性，原因有两个。首先是会有溢出效应：以沃尔玛的规模之大，这一举动可能引致数以百万计的其他公司员工得到加薪。第二点，应该说也是更为重要的一点，沃尔玛的举动在告诉我们，低薪是一个政治选择，我们可以，也应该做出别的选择。</p><p><span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="background">background</span>: <span word="Conservatives">Conservatives</span> — <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="backing">backing</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="admit">admit</span>, <span word="of">of</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="economists">economists</span> — <span word="normally">normally</span> <span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="anything">anything</span> <span word="else">else</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="supply">supply</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="demand">demand</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="say">say</span>, <span word="determines">determines</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="level">level</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wages">wages</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="invisible">invisible</span> <span word="hand">hand</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="market">market</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="punish">punish</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="tries">tries</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="defy">defy</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="law">law</span>.</p><p>提供一些背景：保守派——不得不承认，他们的背后有一些经济学家的支持——通常会说，劳动力市场跟任何其他东西的市场是一样的。他们说，供求法则决定薪资水平，任何人要想违背这一法则，都会遭到市场无形之手的惩罚。</p>
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