互联网时代的劳资之争
<p><span word="They">They</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="formerly">formerly</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="employees">employees</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="broad">broad</span> <span word="range">range</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="service">service</span> <span word="industries">industries</span>, <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="drew">drew</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="steady">steady</span> <span word="salary">salary</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="cutting">cutting</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="employer">employer</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="plying">plying</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="services">services</span> <span word="direct">direct</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="companies">companies</span>, <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="people">people</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="meet">meet</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="needs">needs</span>.</p><p>他们以前被称为雇员。在服务行业的各个领域，曾经赚取稳定工资的劳动者正在绕过雇主，把自己的服务直接提供给客户。这些客户过去一直付费给企业（而非个人）来满足自己的需求。</p><p><span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="on">on</span>-<span word="demand">demand</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="exemplified">exemplified</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="online">online</span> <span word="systems">systems</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Uber">Uber</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="smartphone">smartphone</span> <span word="app">app</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="matches">matches</span> <span word="freelance">freelance</span> <span word="taxi">taxi</span> <span word="drivers">drivers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="city">city</span> <span word="dwellers">dwellers</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ride">ride</span>. <span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="services">services</span> <span word="promise">promise</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="efficiencies">efficiencies</span>; <span word="idle">idle</span> <span word="resources">resources</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="harnessed">harnessed</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="easily">easily</span>, <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="empty">empty</span> <span word="bedrooms">bedrooms</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="underemployed">underemployed</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="transfer">transfer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="risk">risk</span>.</p><p>这就是按需经济(<span word="on">on</span>-<span word="demand">demand</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>)，这种工作模式体现在优步(<span word="Uber">Uber</span>)等在线系统上。优步是一款智能手机应用，它可以把个体出租车司机和需要出行的城市居民匹配起来。这样的服务有望带来效率的极大提高；闲置资源可以被更容易地利用起来，无论这资源是空置的卧室还是未得到充分就业的人们的工作时间。但是，这里也存在风险的转移。</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="term">term</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span>, <span word="company">company</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="insulated">insulated</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="vicissitudes">vicissitudes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="fortune">fortune</span>. <span word="Whether">Whether</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="faulty">faulty</span> <span word="equipment">equipment</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="ups">ups</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="downs">downs</span>, <span word="much">much</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="fell">fell</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="on">on</span>-<span word="demand">demand</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="sweeps">sweeps</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="safeguards">safeguards</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="misfortune">misfortune</span> <span word="strikes">strikes</span>, <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span>.</p>
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