健康革命 人类最大的福祉
<p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="highest">highest</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="expectancy">expectancy</span> <span word="recorded">recorded</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="anywhere">anywhere</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="risen">risen</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="since">since</span> 1840. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="inexorable">inexorable</span> <span word="advance">advance</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="longevity">longevity</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="arguably">arguably</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="centuries">centuries</span>.</p><p>自从1840年以来，全球女性预期寿命的最高纪录每四年就增加一岁。人类在延长自身寿命方面的这种持续不断的进步，也许就是过去两个世纪人类生活所有变化中最重大的变化。</p><p><span word="These">These</span> <span word="gains">gains</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="widely">widely</span> <span word="shared">shared</span>: “<span word="India">India</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="expectancy">expectancy</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="Scotland">Scotland</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1945 — <span word="in">in</span> <span word="spite">spite</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="per">per</span>-<span word="capita">capita</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="achieved">achieved</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="as">as</span> 1860.” <span word="This">This</span> <span word="remark">remark</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wonderful">wonderful</span> <span word="book">book</span>, <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="Escape">Escape</span>: <span word="Health">Health</span>, <span word="Wealth">Wealth</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Origins">Origins</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Inequality">Inequality</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Princeton">Princeton</span> <span word="University">University</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Angus">Angus</span> <span word="Deaton">Deaton</span>, <span word="published">published</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="documents">documents</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="revolution">revolution</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="wealth">wealth</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> 19<span word="th">th</span> <span word="century">century</span>. <span word="Of">Of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="former">former</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="important">important</span>. <span word="Who">Who</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="comforts">comforts</span> <span word="if">if</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="return">return</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="avoid">avoid</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="agony">agony</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="watching">watching</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="die">die</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="enjoy">enjoy</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="company">company</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="loved">loved</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="age">age</span>?</p><p>人类健康方面的进步也具有广泛性：“今日印度人的预期寿命高于1945年的苏格兰人，尽管在人均收入方面，英国早在1860年就达到了印度今日的水平。”这句话出自去年出版的一本精彩著作：《逃离不平等：健康、财富及不平等的起源》(<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Great">Great</span> <span word="Escape">Escape</span>: <span word="Health">Health</span>, <span word="Wealth">Wealth</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Origins">Origins</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Inequality">Inequality</span>)，作者是美国普林斯顿大学(<span word="Princeton">Princeton</span> <span word="University">University</span>)的安格斯•狄顿(<span word="Angus">Angus</span> <span word="Deaton">Deaton</span>)，书里讲述了自19世纪初以来人类健康和财富方面发生的革命。在这二者之中，前者更加重要。如果能够避免目睹孩子死去的悲痛，或者能够享有长寿父母的陪伴，谁不愿放弃更多物质享受来交换呢？</p>
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