研究：人造精子和卵子或将成为可能
<p><span word="Scientists">Scientists</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="primitive">primitive</span> <span word="forms">forms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="artificial">artificial</span> <span word="sperm">sperm</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eggs">eggs</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="feat">feat</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="transform">transform</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="understanding">understanding</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="age">age</span>-<span word="related">related</span> <span word="diseases">diseases</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fertility">fertility</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>.</p><p>科学家已于近日制造出人造精子和卵子的雏形。这一医疗壮举有望转变人们对于年龄相关疾病和生育问题的认识。</p><p><span word="Researchers">Researchers</span> <span word="inCambridgemade">inCambridgemade</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span>-<span word="stage">stage</span> <span word="sex">sex</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="culturing">culturing</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="embryonic">embryonic</span> <span word="stem">stem</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="carefully">carefully</span>-<span word="controlled">controlled</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="week">week</span>.</p><p>剑桥大学的研究人员选取了人类胚胎干细胞，在严格控制实验环境的情况下通过一周的试验，终于培育出早期的生殖细胞。</p><p><span word="They">They</span> <span word="followed">followed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="success">success</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="showing">showing</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="procedure">procedure</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="convert">convert</span> <span word="adult">adult</span> <span word="skin">skin</span> <span word="tissue">tissue</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="precursors">precursors</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="sperm">sperm</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eggs">eggs</span>, <span word="raising">raising</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="prospect">prospect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="sex">sex</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="genetically">genetically</span> <span word="matched">matched</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="patients">patients</span>.</p><p>在取得初步成功后，研究人员认为同样的程序能够将成人皮肤组织培育成精子和卵子的前体细胞。应用这一研究成果则有望培育出与不孕不育症患者基因相匹配的生殖细胞，治疗不孕不育症的前景也因此被看好。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="grow">grow</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="mature">mature</span> <span word="sperm">sperm</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eggs">eggs</span>, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lab">lab</span> <span word="before">before</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="step">step</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="inject">inject</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="mouse">mouse</span> <span word="ovaries">ovaries</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="testes">testes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="fully">fully</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>.</p><p>科学家认为，尽管这项研究还从未在实验室中完成过，但他们相信这些早期生殖细胞能够成长为成熟的精子和卵子。研究项目的下一步，将是把早期生殖细胞注射到实验小鼠的生殖器官中，并观察它们能否发育完全。</p>
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