人脑可塑性的新发现 并非《超体》所设想
<p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="plasticity">plasticity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="adaptability">adaptability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="situations">situations</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="previously">previously</span> <span word="thought">thought</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="journal">journal</span> <span word="Cell">Cell</span>. <span word="Earlier">Earlier</span> <span word="theories">theories</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="laboratory">laboratory</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Karolinska">Karolinska</span> <span word="Institutet">Institutet</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Sweden">Sweden</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="studied">studied</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="cell">cell</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="oligodendrocyte">oligodendrocyte</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="plays">plays</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cell">cell</span>-<span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="communication">communication</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nervous">nervous</span> <span word="system">system</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="sophisticated">sophisticated</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="rats">rats</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="mice">mice</span> -- <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fact">fact</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="contribute">contribute</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="superior">superior</span> <span word="plasticity">plasticity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>.</p><p>发表在《细胞》杂志上的一项最新研究表明，大脑的可塑性和对新环境的适应力并非如以前研究者们认为的那样。以前的理论都是基于动物实验研究，如今瑞典卡洛琳斯卡学院的研究者们真正研究了人脑。结果显示，人脑中的少突胶质细胞（一种支持细胞，在神经系统细胞信息传输中起重要作用）比老鼠脑中的要复杂得多，这可能是人脑可塑性更强的原因之一。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="partly">partly</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="nerve">nerve</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="creating">creating</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="connections">connections</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>. <span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="nerve">nerve</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="therefore">therefore</span> <span word="crucial">crucial</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="store">store</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="nerve">nerve</span> <span word="impulses">impulses</span> <span word="travel">travel</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="myelin">myelin</span> <span word="plays">plays</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="vital">vital</span> <span word="role">role</span>. <span word="Myelin">Myelin</span> <span word="acts">acts</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="insulating">insulating</span> <span word="layer">layer</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="nerve">nerve</span> <span word="fibres">fibres</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="axons">axons</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="quantities">quantities</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="myelin">myelin</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nerve">nerve</span> <span word="impulses">impulses</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="improve">improve</span> <span word="function">function</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="new">new</span>, <span word="myelin">myelin</span> <span word="production">production</span> <span word="increases">increases</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="occurs">occurs</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="interplay">interplay</span>, <span word="where">where</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="shaped">shaped</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="demands">demands</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="imposed">imposed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="plasticity">plasticity</span>.</p>
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