吃货是天生的？那都是安慰自己的借口！
<p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="Marshmallow">Marshmallow</span> <span word="Test">Test</span></p><p>棉花糖实验</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="marshmallow">marshmallow</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="white">white</span>, <span word="cottony">cottony</span>, <span word="sweet">sweet</span> <span word="confection">confection</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="synonymous">synonymous</span> <span word="with">with</span> “<span word="temptation">temptation</span>” <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="US">US</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="began">began</span> 50 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="psychologist">psychologist</span> <span word="Walter">Walter</span> <span word="Mischel">Mischel</span> <span word="sat">sat</span> 5-<span word="year">year</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="table">table</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="choice">choice</span>: <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="eat">eat</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="marshmallow">marshmallow</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="or">or</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="wait">wait</span>, <span word="receive">receive</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="marshmallows">marshmallows</span> <span word="later">later</span>.</p><p>棉花糖——这种白色、松软的甜食——在美国却是“诱惑”的同义词。这一切源于50年前心理学家沃尔特•米歇尔的一个实验，他让一些5岁小孩子做出选择：是立刻吃掉一块棉花糖，还是等一会儿，然后得到两块棉花糖。</p><p><span word="Mischel">Mischel</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Stanford">Stanford</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nature">nature</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="control">control</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="refrain">refrain</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="eating">eating</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="marshmallow">marshmallow</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="they">they</span>’<span word="d">d</span> <span word="receive">receive</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="reward">reward</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="couldn">couldn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="resist">resist</span> <span word="temptation">temptation</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="wouldn">wouldn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="treat">treat</span>.</p><p>米歇尔和自己斯坦福的同事这么做，只为了解自控的本质。如果孩子们能够忍一会儿不吃第一个棉花糖，那么他们就能额外得到一个棉花糖作为奖励。如果他们不能抵御诱惑，则不会获得奖励。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="Marshmallow">Marshmallow</span> <span word="Test">Test</span> became famous due to a remarkable discovery made some years later. Those children who were able to resist temptation for the reward of two marshmallows grew into adults who were more successful in school, work and relationships. They were also thinner, calmer, more sociable, better at managing their money, and less likely to be addicted to any substances.</p>
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