健康生活:如何越老活得越睿智
<p><span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="times">times</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="elusive">elusive</span> <span word="concept">concept</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wisdom">wisdom</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="figured">figured</span> <span word="prominently">prominently</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="philosophical">philosophical</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="religious">religious</span> <span word="texts">texts</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="remains">remains</span> <span word="compelling">compelling</span>: <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="wisdom">wisdom</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="lives">lives</span>? <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span> <span word="agree">agree</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="define">define</span> <span word="wisdom">wisdom</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="maintaining">maintaining</span> <span word="positive">positive</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="being">being</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="kindness">kindness</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="challenges">challenges</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="qualities">qualities</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="possess">possess</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="successfully">successfully</span> — <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="decline">decline</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="death">death</span>.</p><p>自古以来，智慧的概念一直在哲学和宗教文献中占据了显赫的地位。相关问题至今仍难以捉摸，引人深思：什么是智慧？它在一个人的生活中发挥了怎样的作用？大多数心理学家都认同，如果智慧的定义就是在挑战面前仍可以保持积极健康和慈悲的心态，那么，可以说它是一个人能够顺利步入老年阶段，并直面体力的衰退乃至死亡所需拥有的最重要的品质。</p><p><span word="Vivian">Vivian</span> <span word="Clayton">Clayton</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="geriatric">geriatric</span> <span word="neuropsychologist">neuropsychologist</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Orinda">Orinda</span>, <span word="Calif">Calif</span>., <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="definition">definition</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wisdom">wisdom</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1970<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="graduate">graduate</span> <span word="student">student</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="served">served</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="foundation">foundation</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subject">subject</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="since">since</span>. <span word="After">After</span> <span word="scouring">scouring</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="texts">texts</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="evocations">evocations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wisdom">wisdom</span>, <span word="she">she</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="described">described</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="wise">wise</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="decision">decision</span> <span word="makers">makers</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="students">students</span>, <span word="law">law</span> <span word="professors">professors</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="retired">retired</span> <span word="judges">judges</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wise">wise</span> <span word="person">person</span>. <span word="Based">Based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="analysis">analysis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="answers">answers</span>, <span word="she">she</span> <span word="determined">determined</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="wisdom">wisdom</span> <span word="consists">consists</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="key">key</span> <span word="components">components</span>: <span word="cognition">cognition</span>, <span word="reflection">reflection</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="compassion">compassion</span>.</p>
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