麻醉药帮助我们理解什么是意识
<p><span word="More">More</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="decade">decade</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>, <span word="a">a</span> 43-<span word="year">year</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="woman">woman</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="surgeon">surgeon</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hysterectomy">hysterectomy</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="under">under</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="plan">plan</span>, <span word="until">until</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="horrible">horrible</span> <span word="interval">interval</span>, <span word="her">her</span> <span word="anesthesia">anesthesia</span> <span word="stopped">stopped</span> <span word="working">working</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="couldn">couldn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="move">move</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="fingers">fingers</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="tried">tried</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="breathe">breathe</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="reflex">reflex</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span>; <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tube">tube</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="lodged">lodged</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="throat">throat</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="awake">awake</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="aware">aware</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="operating">operating</span> <span word="table">table</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="frozen">frozen</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="unable">unable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="happening">happening</span>.</p><p>十多年前的一天，外科医生们正在对一名43岁的女性进行子宫切除术。患者在麻醉下失去了意识，所有的一切似乎都按部就班有条不紊——直到她身上的麻醉突然失效了一段时间，她无法睁开眼睛，无法动一动手指。她试图呼吸，可即使是这样最基本的反射也不能正常进行；一根管子卡在她的喉咙里。她的神智清醒着，知道自己正在手术台上，只是一动也不能动，不能向任何人诉说发生了多么可怕的事情。</p><p><span word="Studies">Studies</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="anesthesia">anesthesia</span> <span word="awareness">awareness</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="horror">horror</span> <span word="stories">stories</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="administering">administering</span> <span word="anesthesia">anesthesia</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tightrope">tightrope</span> <span word="walk">walk</span>. <span word="Too">Too</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="kill">kill</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="patient">patient</span> <span word="aware">aware</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="procedure">procedure</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="unable">unable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="communicate">communicate</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="awareness">awareness</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="every">every</span> 1,000 <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="undergo">undergo</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="anesthesia">anesthesia</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="unconscious">unconscious</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> — <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="remember">remember</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span> <span word="talking">talking</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="aware">aware</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surgeon">surgeon</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="knife">knife</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="bodies">bodies</span> <span word="remain">remain</span> <span word="catatonic">catatonic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="passive">passive</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="unlucky">unlucky</span> 0.13 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="whom">whom</span> <span word="anesthesia">anesthesia</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="awry">awry</span>, <span word="there">there</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="preventive">preventive</span>. <span word="That">That</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="successful">successful</span> <span word="anesthetization">anesthetization</span> <span word="requires">requires</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="unconsciousness">unconsciousness</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="consciousness">consciousness</span> <span word="isn">isn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="measure">measure</span>.</p>
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