女巫从哪里来？
<p><span word="Images">Images</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="alluring">alluring</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="witches">witches</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="hideous">hideous</span> <span word="hags">hags</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="centuries">centuries</span> – <span word="but">but</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="mean">mean</span>? <span word="Alastair">Alastair</span> <span word="Sooke">Sooke</span> <span word="investigates">investigates</span>.</p><p><span word="Ask">Ask</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="Western">Western</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="draw">draw</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="witch">witch</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chances">chances</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="familiar">familiar</span>: <span word="most">most</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hook">hook</span>-<span word="nosed">nosed</span> <span word="hag">hag</span> <span word="wearing">wearing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pointy">pointy</span> <span word="hat">hat</span>, <span word="riding">riding</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="broomstick">broomstick</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="stirring">stirring</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cauldron">cauldron</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="image">image</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="from">from</span>? <span word="The">The</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="arresting">arresting</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="think">think</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="discovered">discovered</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="week">week</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="visited">visited</span> <span word="Witches">Witches</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Wicked">Wicked</span> <span word="Bodies">Bodies</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="exhibition">exhibition</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="Museum">Museum</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="London">London</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="explores">explores</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="iconography">iconography</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="witchcraft">witchcraft</span>.</p><p><span word="Witches">Witches</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="elaborate">elaborate</span> <span word="history">history</span>. <span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="forerunners">forerunners</span> <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Bible">Bible</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="story">story</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="King">King</span> <span word="Saul">Saul</span> <span word="consulting">consulting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="so">so</span>-<span word="called">called</span> <span word="Witch">Witch</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Endor">Endor</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="crop">crop</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classical">classical</span> <span word="era">era</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="winged">winged</span> <span word="harpies">harpies</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="screech">screech</span>-<span word="owl">owl</span>-<span word="like">like</span> “<span word="strixes">strixes</span>” – <span word="frightening">frightening</span> <span word="flying">flying</span> <span word="creatures">creatures</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="fed">fed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="flesh">flesh</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="babies">babies</span>.</p><p><span word="Circe">Circe</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="enchantress">enchantress</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Greek">Greek</span> <span word="mythology">mythology</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sort">sort</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="witch">witch</span>, <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="transform">transform</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="enemies">enemies</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="swine">swine</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="niece">niece</span> <span word="Medea">Medea</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="world">world</span>, <span word="then">then</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="responsible">responsible</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="establishing">establishing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tropes">tropes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="centuries">centuries</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="associate">associate</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="witches">witches</span>.</p><p><span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="wasn">wasn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="Renaissance">Renaissance</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="perception">perception</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="witch">witch</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="truly">truly</span> <span word="formed">formed</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="arguably">arguably</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="define">define</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="imagine">imagine</span> <span word="witches">witches</span> <span word="today">today</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="German">German</span> <span word="painter">painter</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="printmaker">printmaker</span> <span word="Albrecht">Albrecht</span> <span word="D">D</span>ü<span word="rer">rer</span>.</p>
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