健康生活:心理治疗究竟靠谱吗?
<p><span word="Mental">Mental</span>—<span word="health">health</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="remedy">remedy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="choice">choice</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="trepanation">trepanation</span> — <span word="drilling">drilling</span> <span word="holes">holes</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="skull">skull</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="release">release</span> "<span word="evil">evil</span> <span word="spirits">spirits</span>." <span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> 30 <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="treatments">treatments</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="cognitive">cognitive</span>-<span word="behavioral">behavioral</span> <span word="therapy">therapy</span>, <span word="dialectical">dialectical</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="therapy">therapy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="family">family</span>-<span word="based">based</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="effective">effective</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="ailments">ailments</span> <span word="ranging">ranging</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="anxiety">anxiety</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="depression">depression</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="post">post</span>-<span word="traumatic">traumatic</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="disorder">disorder</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eating">eating</span> <span word="disorders">disorders</span></p><p>古人们一度认为，心理问题是“邪灵”作祟，需要使用钻孔术，即在颅骨上钻孔来释放这些“邪灵”。如今，心理保健领域已经获得了长足的进步。研究显示，在过去的30年里，认知行为疗法、辩证行为疗法和家庭疗法均可有效地治疗从焦虑症、抑郁症到创伤后应激障碍、进食紊乱等一系列疾患。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="trouble">trouble</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="surprisingly">surprisingly</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="kinds">kinds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span>-<span word="based">based</span> <span word="treatments">treatments</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="couch">couch</span> — <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="cognitive">cognitive</span> <span word="behavioral">behavioral</span> <span word="therapy">therapy</span>. <span word="In">In</span> 2009, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="meta">meta</span>-<span word="analysis">analysis</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="mental">mental</span>-<span word="health">health</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="psychiatric">psychiatric</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="rarely">rarely</span> <span word="receive">receive</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="B">B</span>.<span word="T">T</span>., <span word="despite">despite</span> <span word="numerous">numerous</span> <span word="trials">trials</span> <span word="demonstrating">demonstrating</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="effectiveness">effectiveness</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="treating">treating</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="disorders">disorders</span>. <span word="One">One</span> <span word="survey">survey</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> 2,300 <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> 69 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="C">C</span>.<span word="B">B</span>.<span word="T">T</span>. <span word="only">only</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="combination">combination</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="therapies">therapies</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="treat">treat</span> <span word="depression">depression</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="anxiety">anxiety</span>.</p><p>问题是，几乎没有多少患者在接受诊察后真正获得了这些循证治疗，尤其是认知行为疗法。2009年，一项由一流的心理健康研究人员进行的荟萃分析发现，尽管认知行为疗法治疗常见疾病的有效性已经过大量试验证实，但美国和英国的精神病患者却很少接受这一疗法。此外，研究人员在调查了近2300名美国的心理医生后发现，在抑郁症和焦虑症的治疗中，有69%的患者仅在部分时间里使用认知行为疗法，或将其与其他疗法结合使用。</p>
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