你以为搬离贫民区就能脱贫吗
<p><span word="Twenty">Twenty</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>, <span word="federal">federal</span> <span word="poverty">poverty</span> <span word="experts">experts</span>, <span word="inspired">inspired</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="forceful">forceful</span> <span word="arguments">arguments</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="landmark">landmark</span> <span word="book">book</span> “<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Truly">Truly</span> <span word="Disadvantaged">Disadvantaged</span>,” <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="definitive">definitive</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="harmful">harmful</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="segregation">segregation</span>, <span word="initiated">initiated</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="experiment">experiment</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="moved">moved</span> 855 <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="income">income</span> <span word="predominantly">predominantly</span> <span word="African">African</span>-<span word="American">American</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Hispanic">Hispanic</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="housing">housing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="poverty">poverty</span>-<span word="stricken">stricken</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="impoverished">impoverished</span> <span word="neighborhoods">neighborhoods</span>.</p><p>20年前，标志性书籍《真正的穷人》(<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Truly">Truly</span> <span word="Disadvantaged">Disadvantaged</span>)中强有力的论述，以及关于社群隔离的负面效应的权威研究，使得联邦贫困问题专家深受启发，于是他们启动了一项政府实验项目，让855户低收入家庭从贫困城区的公租屋中搬到经济状况更好的社区。这些家庭绝大多数为非洲裔和西语裔。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="project">project</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="provoked">provoked</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="intense">intense</span> <span word="debate">debate</span>.</p><p>项目的结果引发了激烈争论。</p><p><span word="Under">Under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="aegis">aegis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> “<span word="Moving">Moving</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Opportunity">Opportunity</span>” <span word="program">program</span>, <span word="begun">begun</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="administration">administration</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Bill">Bill</span> <span word="Clinton">Clinton</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Department">Department</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Housing">Housing</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Urban">Urban</span> <span word="Development">Development</span> <span word="randomly">randomly</span> <span word="selected">selected</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="pool">pool</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="income">income</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="housing">housing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Baltimore">Baltimore</span>, <span word="Boston">Boston</span>, <span word="Chicago">Chicago</span>, <span word="Los">Los</span> <span word="Angeles">Angeles</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span>. <span word="Ninety">Ninety</span>-<span word="eight">eight</span> <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="headed">headed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="women">women</span>; 63 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="black">black</span>, 32 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="Hispanic">Hispanic</span>, <span word="and">and</span> 3 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="white">white</span>; 26 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="employed">employed</span>, 76 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="receiving">receiving</span> <span word="welfare">welfare</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="of">of</span> $12,709 <span word="in">in</span> 2009 <span word="dollars">dollars</span>.</p>
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