不会理财让美国人付出高昂代价
<p><span word="We">We</span>’<span word="ve">ve</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="heard">heard</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="saying">saying</span>, “<span word="there">there</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sucker">sucker</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="minute">minute</span>.”</p><p>我们都听说过“每分钟都有笨蛋呱呱落地”这句话。</p><p><span word="Well">Well</span>, <span word="what">what</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="gross">gross</span> <span word="underestimate">underestimate</span>? <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Department">Department</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Human">Human</span> <span word="Health">Health</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Services">Services</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="about">about</span> 7.6 <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="minute">minute</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="there">there</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="grow">grow</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> “<span word="suckers">suckers</span>” <span word="when">when</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="literacy">literacy</span>.</p><p>那么，如果我说这句话显然低估了实际情况，大家会怎么想呢？美国卫生和公众服务部（<span word="Department">Department</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Human">Human</span> <span word="Health">Health</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Services">Services</span>）的数据显示，每分钟有7.6个美国人出生，而确凿证据表明其中有5个会成为理财方面的“笨蛋”。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Michigan">Michigan</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Health">Health</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Retirement">Retirement</span> <span word="Study">Study</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="ages">ages</span> 50 <span word="and">and</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="correctly">correctly</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="questions">questions</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="compound">compound</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="works">works</span>, <span word="what">what</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="one">one</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="savings">savings</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="investment">investment</span> <span word="gains">gains</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="differences">differences</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="single">single</span> <span word="stock">stock</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mutual">mutual</span> <span word="fund">fund</span>.</p><p>密歇根大学（<span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Michigan">Michigan</span>）健康和退休研究项目发现，在50岁及以上的美国人中，只有约三分之一的人能正确回答三个简单的问题：复利是怎么回事？通胀对个人储蓄和投资收益意味着什么？一只股票和一只共同基金有哪些基本差异？</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latest">latest</span> <span word="addition">addition</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span>’ <span word="striking">striking</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="illiteracy">illiteracy</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="economists">economists</span> <span word="Benjamin">Benjamin</span> <span word="Keys">Keys</span>, <span word="Devin">Devin</span> <span word="Pope">Pope</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Jaren">Jaren</span> <span word="Pope">Pope</span> <span word="examined">examined</span> <span word="Americans">Americans</span>’ <span word="refinancing">refinancing</span> <span word="habits">habits</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worst">worst</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="crisis">crisis</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Treasury">Treasury</span> <span word="Department">Department</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Federal">Federal</span> <span word="Reserve">Reserve</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="utmost">utmost</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="refinance">refinance</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="mortgages">mortgages</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="advantage">advantage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="rates">rates</span>. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="paper">paper</span>:</p>
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