是谁发明了天气预报符号
<p><span word="As">As</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="design">design</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Norwich">Norwich</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Art">Art</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> 1970<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="Mark">Mark</span> <span word="Allen">Allen</span> <span word="watched">watched</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="broadcast">broadcast</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="BBC">BBC</span>. <span word="Back">Back</span> <span word="then">then</span>, <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="presenters">presenters</span> <span word="slid">slid</span> <span word="magnetic">magnetic</span> <span word="symbols">symbols</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="metal">metal</span> <span word="map">map</span>: <span word="dots">dots</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="rain">rain</span>, <span word="asterisks">asterisks</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="snow">snow</span>, <span word="lines">lines</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="mark">mark</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="pressure">pressure</span>. "<span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="hieroglyphics">hieroglyphics</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="everybody">everybody</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span>," <span word="Allen">Allen</span> <span word="says">says</span>. "<span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="triangle">triangle</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="shower">shower</span>?"</p><p>20世纪70年代初，在诺维奇艺术学院念书的马克·艾伦(<span word="Mark">Mark</span> <span word="Allen">Allen</span>)每天下午都会看英国广播公司(<span word="BBC">BBC</span>)的天气预报。当时电视主持人在金属地图上摆弄带吸铁石的符号：点状物代表下雨，星号代表下雪，用线条标记大气压同等的地区。“人们会觉得这些符号不好懂。”</p><p><span word="For">For</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="final">final</span> <span word="project">project</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1974, <span word="Allen">Allen</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="weather">weather</span> <span word="icons">icons</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="intuitive">intuitive</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pictograms">pictograms</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Otl">Otl</span> <span word="Aicher">Aicher</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="devised">devised</span> <span word="spare">spare</span>, <span word="thick">thick</span>-<span word="lined">lined</span> <span word="figures">figures</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1972 <span word="Olympic">Olympic</span> <span word="Games">Games</span>. <span word="Allen">Allen</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="style">style</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="trace">trace</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="puffy">puffy</span> <span word="cloud">cloud</span>, <span word="adding">adding</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="icons">icons</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bottom">bottom</span> <span word="edge">edge</span>: <span word="rain">rain</span> <span word="droplets">droplets</span>, <span word="lightning">lightning</span> <span word="bolts">bolts</span>, <span word="rays">rays</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sun">sun</span>. "<span word="The">The</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="vehicle">vehicle</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cloud">cloud</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="hung">hung</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="that">that</span>," <span word="he">he</span> <span word="says">says</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="BBC">BBC</span> <span word="adopted">adopted</span> <span word="Allen">Allen</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="iconography">iconography</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1975, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="exchange">exchange</span> <span word="for">for</span> 200 <span word="pounds">pounds</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="percentage">percentage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="license">license</span> <span word="fees">fees</span>. <span word="His">His</span> <span word="drawings">drawings</span> <span word="stayed">stayed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="for">for</span> 30 <span word="years">years</span>.</p><p>1974年，艾伦的毕业设计令天气符号显得更加直观。他参考了奥托·艾舍(<span word="Otl">Otl</span> <span word="Aicher">Aicher</span>)的一套小图标——艾舍为1972年奥运会设计了一系列简单、粗线条的人物标记。最后，艾伦使用类似风格画出一块蓬松的云朵，在底部补充了一些简单的符号：雨滴、闪电、阳光。“最主要的载体是云朵，然后把其他东西附在上面，”他说。1975年，<span word="BBC">BBC</span>以200镑和极小的分成比例买下了艾伦这套符号的使用权。他所绘制的符号在电视上出现了30年。</p>
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