“男人来自火星，女人来自金星”的神话让科学受损
<p><span word="Science">Science</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="losing">losing</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mistaken">mistaken</span> <span word="belief">belief</span> <span word="that">that</span> "<span word="men">men</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Mars">Mars</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Venus">Venus</span>", <span word="a">a</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="neuroscientist">neuroscientist</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="claimed">claimed</span>.</p><p><span word="Professor">Professor</span> <span word="Gina">Gina</span> <span word="Rippon">Rippon</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="debunk">debunk</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="myth">myth</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="gender">gender</span> <span word="differences">differences</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>-<span word="wired">wired</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="brains">brains</span>.</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="reality">reality</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="significant">significant</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="terms">terms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="structure">structure</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="function">function</span>, <span word="she">she</span> <span word="stressed">stressed</span>.</p><p><span word="But">But</span> <span word="experiences">experiences</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="attitudes">attitudes</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="the">the</span> "<span word="plastic">plastic</span>" <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="level">level</span>, <span word="causing">causing</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="wiring">wiring</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="alter">alter</span>.</p><p><span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="girls">girls</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="boys">boys</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="head">head</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="directions">directions</span>, <span word="said">said</span> <span word="Prof">Prof</span> <span word="Rippon">Rippon</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Aston">Aston</span> <span word="University">University</span>.</p><p><span word="While">While</span> <span word="girls">girls</span> <span word="tended">tended</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="gravitate">gravitate</span> <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="fields">fields</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="communication">communication</span>, <span word="people">people</span> <span word="skills">skills</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="arts">arts</span>, <span word="boys">boys</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="engineers">engineers</span>.</p><p><span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="girls">girls</span> <span word="went">went</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="science">science</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="mostly">mostly</span> <span word="chose">chose</span> <span word="careers">careers</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> "<span word="softer">softer</span>" <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subject">subject</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="biology">biology</span>, <span word="psychology">psychology</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sociology">sociology</span>, <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="physics">physics</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="maths">maths</span>.</p><p><span word="Speaking">Speaking</span> <span word="ahead">ahead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="year">year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="Science">Science</span> <span word="Festival">Festival</span>, <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Birmingham">Birmingham</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="week">week</span>, <span word="Prof">Prof</span> <span word="Rippon">Rippon</span> <span word="said">said</span>: "<span word="We">We</span>'<span word="re">re</span> <span word="stuck">stuck</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 19<span word="th">th</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="model">model</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> '<span word="vacuum">vacuum</span> <span word="packed">packed</span>' <span word="brain">brain</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span>'<span word="re">re</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="gives">gives</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="skills">skills</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="behaviours">behaviours</span>.</p><p>"<span word="The">The</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="vacuum">vacuum</span>.</p><p>"<span word="What">What</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="affected">affected</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="stereotypes">stereotypes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="attitudes">attitudes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="environment">environment</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="behaviour">behaviour</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>."</p>
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