平均寿命世界上等 但中国人能战胜肥胖吗
<p><span word="Say">Say</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="wholesale">wholesale</span> <span word="changes">changes</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="inarguably">inarguably</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="good">good</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="noted">noted</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="editorial">editorial</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Lancet">Lancet</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="week">week</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="span">span</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1950 <span word="was">was</span> 40 <span word="years">years</span>; <span word="by">by</span> 2011 <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="around">around</span> 76. (<span word="The">The</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="span">span</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2011 <span word="was">was</span> 79.)</p><p>不管你怎么说中国人，他们的确知道该如何实现大规模变化；有时候，这些变化是无可争辩的好事。正如《柳叶刀》(<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Lancet">Lancet</span>)杂志上周在一篇社论中指出的，1950年，中国人的平均寿命为40岁，而到2011年这一数字已经达到76岁左右（2011年美国人的平均寿命为79岁）。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="near">near</span> <span word="doubling">doubling</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="span">span</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="secret">secret</span>: <span word="China">China</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="reduced">reduced</span> <span word="communicable">communicable</span> <span word="diseases">diseases</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="manageable">manageable</span> <span word="level">level</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="certainly">certainly</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="news">news</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="dying">dying</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="noncommunicable">noncommunicable</span> <span word="diseases">diseases</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="chronic">chronic</span> <span word="diseases">diseases</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="largely">largely</span> <span word="preventable">preventable</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="diseases">diseases</span>, <span word="most">most</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="wealthier">wealthier</span> <span word="nations">nations</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="malnutrition">malnutrition</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classic">classic</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="overconsumption">overconsumption</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>-<span word="causing">causing</span> <span word="foods">foods</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="dangers">dangers</span>.</p><p>寿命几乎延长一倍的原因，倒也不是什么秘密：中国开展了把传染病减少到可控水平的公共卫生项目。这当然是个好消息。但它也意味着，人们现在死于很大程度上可以预防的非传染性疾病或慢性疾病。这些疾病在富国最常见，它们不是由传统意义上的营养不良造成的，而是源于过度消耗致病食品，以及缺乏运动和环境危害。</p>
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