美国科学家制造三维模型模拟大脑功能
<p><span word="A">A</span> <span word="doughnut">doughnut</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lab">lab</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="silk">silk</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="collagen">collagen</span> <span word="gel">gel</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="jelly">jelly</span> <span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="mimic">mimic</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="tissue">tissue</span>, <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="found">found</span>.</p><p>科学家发现，实验室里制造的一个类似甜甜圈的东西，可以模仿脑组织的一项基本功能。这个圆圈的环状部分由丝材料制成，圈里面填的是胶原蛋白凝胶。</p><p><span word="Bioengineers">Bioengineers</span> <span word="produced">produced</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rudimentary">rudimentary</span> <span word="gray">gray</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="white">white</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dish">dish</span>, <span word="along">along</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="rat">rat</span> <span word="neurons">neurons</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="signaled">signaled</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="doughnut">doughnut</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="center">center</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="dropped">dropped</span> <span word="weights">weights</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="simulate">simulate</span> <span word="traumatic">traumatic</span> <span word="injury">injury</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="neurons">neurons</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="three">three</span>-<span word="dimensional">dimensional</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="model">model</span> <span word="emitted">emitted</span> <span word="chemical">chemical</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="electrical">electrical</span> <span word="signals">signals</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="injured">injured</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>.</p><p>生物工程师在培养皿中制成了相当于原始灰质和白质的材料，其中用了大鼠神经元，这些神经元能通过圆圈中间的物质相互交换信号。当科学家让重物掉到这个圆圈上，以模拟创伤性损伤时，这个三维大脑模型中的神经元释放出了化学信号和电信号，与受伤动物的大脑释放的信号类似。</p><p><span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="closely">closely</span> <span word="imitate">imitate</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="laboratory">laboratory</span>, <span word="experts">experts</span> <span word="said">said</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="replicate">replicate</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="neurons">neurons</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="enhance">enhance</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reflect">reflect</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="neurological">neurological</span> <span word="functions">functions</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="studying">studying</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>, <span word="trauma">trauma</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="treatments">treatments</span> <span word="affect">affect</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> — <span word="without">without</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="expense">expense</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ethical">ethical</span> <span word="challenges">challenges</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="clinical">clinical</span> <span word="trials">trials</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="people">people</span>.</p>
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