文化差异何其大 美国为何难以理解中国
<p><span word="Do">Do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="events">events</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="outbreak">outbreak</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="carry">carry</span> <span word="lessons">lessons</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Sino">Sino</span>-<span word="American">American</span> <span word="relationship">relationship</span>? <span word="A">A</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ascent">ascent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Germany">Germany</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="Kaiser">Kaiser</span> <span word="Wilhelm">Wilhelm</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="unsettled">unsettled</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>; <span word="today">today</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="roiling">roiling</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="Asia">Asia</span>. <span word="Then">Then</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="now">now</span>, <span word="domestic">domestic</span> <span word="politics">politics</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="sides">sides</span> <span word="played">played</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="role">role</span>; <span word="one">one</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="neglected">neglected</span>.</p><p>导致一战爆发的事件对中美关系有什么启发意义吗？一个世纪以前，德国在威廉一世(<span word="Kaiser">Kaiser</span> <span word="Wilhelm">Wilhelm</span> <span word="I">I</span>)领导下的崛起让世界感到不安；如今，中国的崛起让东亚感到不安。当时和现在一样，对立双方的国内政治都发挥了作用——这是一个太容易被人们忽视的因素。</p><p><span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Germany">Germany</span> – <span word="linked">linked</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="trade">trade</span>, <span word="dynastic">dynastic</span> <span word="ties">ties</span>, <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="religion">religion</span> – <span word="find">find</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="August">August</span> 1914? <span word="In">In</span> <span word="part">part</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="historian">historian</span> <span word="Paul">Paul</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="argued">argued</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="London">London</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="liberal">liberal</span> <span word="ideology">ideology</span> <span word="contributed">contributed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="perception">perception</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="German">German</span> <span word="threat">threat</span>.</p><p>1914年8月，存在贸易、王朝纽带、文化和宗教联系的英国和德国为何开战？从某种程度上来说，正如历史学家保罗•肯尼迪(<span word="Paul">Paul</span> <span word="Kennedy">Kennedy</span>)所指出的，那是因为伦敦的自由主义意识形态强化了其关于德国威胁日益加剧的认识。</p><p><span word="Filtered">Filtered</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="liberalism">liberalism</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="lens">lens</span>, <span word="Germany">Germany</span> <span word="looked">looked</span> <span word="militarist">militarist</span>, <span word="autocratic">autocratic</span>, <span word="mercantilist">mercantilist</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="statist">statist</span> – <span word="and">and</span> <span word="contempt">contempt</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="added">added</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="London">London</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="disquiet">disquiet</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="began">began</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="liberal">liberal</span> <span word="crusade">crusade</span> <span word="against">against</span> “<span word="Prussianism">Prussianism</span>”.</p>
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