中国重男轻女到什么程度？
<p><span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="foetuses">foetuses</span> <span word="aborted">aborted</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>? <span word="Does">Does</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="abortions">abortions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="female">female</span> <span word="foetuses">foetuses</span> <span word="reflect">reflect</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="preference">preference</span>? <span word="Sociologist">Sociologist</span> <span word="Lisa">Lisa</span> <span word="Eklund">Eklund</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Lund">Lund</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Sweden">Sweden</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="studied">studied</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="families">families</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="sons">sons</span>.</p><p><span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="census">census</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2005, <span word="almost">almost</span> 121 <span word="boys">boys</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="born">born</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="every">every</span> 100 <span word="girls">girls</span>. <span word="Last">Last</span> <span word="year">year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="census">census</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="sex">sex</span> <span word="ratio">ratio</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="birth">birth</span> (<span word="SRB">SRB</span>) <span word="had">had</span> <span word="improved">improved</span> <span word="somewhat">somewhat</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="celebrate">celebrate</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Eklund">Eklund</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="view">view</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="narrowing">narrowing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gap">gap</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="necessarily">necessarily</span> <span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="girls">girls</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="valued">valued</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="highly">highly</span>.</p><p><span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="SRB">SRB</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tendency">tendency</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="strong">strong</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="possibly">possibly</span> <span word="increasing">increasing</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1980<span word="s">s</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="Eklund">Eklund</span> <span word="argues">argues</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="PhD">PhD</span> <span word="thesis">thesis</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="SRB">SRB</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="proxy">proxy</span> <span word="indicator">indicator</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="problematic">problematic</span>. <span word="She">She</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="therefore">therefore</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="model">model</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="estimate">estimate</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="calls">calls</span> "<span word="son">son</span> <span word="compulsion">compulsion</span>," <span word="where">where</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="SRB">SRB</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="fertility">fertility</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="estimate">estimate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="proportion">proportion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="couples">couples</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="give">give</span> <span word="birth">birth</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="action">action</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="achieve">achieve</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="goal">goal</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="variation">variation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="compulsion">compulsion</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="regions">regions</span>, <span word="Eklund">Eklund</span> <span word="finds">finds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span> <span word="emerge">emerge</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="surface">surface</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="SRB">SRB</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="proxy">proxy</span> <span word="indicator">indicator</span>. <span word="Contrary">Contrary</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="popular">popular</span> <span word="belief">belief</span>, <span word="son">son</span> <span word="compulsion">compulsion</span> <span word="remained">remained</span> <span word="steady">steady</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="rural">rural</span> <span word="China">China</span> (<span word="at">at</span> <span word="around">around</span> 10 <span word="percent">percent</span>) <span word="while">while</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1990<span word="s">s</span> (<span word="from">from</span> 2.8 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="to">to</span> 4.5 <span word="percent">percent</span>).</p><p>"<span word="This">This</span> <span word="doubling">doubling</span> <span word="concurred">concurred</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="cuts">cuts</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="welfare">welfare</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cities">cities</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="meant">meant</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="adult">adult</span> <span word="sons">sons</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="providing">providing</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="security">security</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="elderly">elderly</span>," <span word="she">she</span> <span word="says">says</span>. <span word="Her">Her</span> <span word="findings">findings</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="preference">preference</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="essentially">essentially</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rural">rural</span> <span word="issue">issue</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="implications">implications</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="comparative">comparative</span> <span word="perspectives">perspectives</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="findings">findings</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="son">son</span> <span word="compulsion">compulsion</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="expose">expose</span> <span word="lower">lower</span> <span word="SRB">SRB</span>.</p>
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