研究：空气污染或可致自闭症和精神分裂
<p><span word="A">A</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="describes">describes</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mice">mice</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="damaged">damaged</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="exposure">exposure</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="life">life</span>.</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="damage">damage</span> <span word="includes">includes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="enlargement">enlargement</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="autismand">autismand</span> <span word="schizophrenia">schizophrenia</span>.</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="journal">journal</span> <span word="Environmental">Environmental</span> <span word="Health">Health</span> <span word="Perspectives">Perspectives</span>.</p><p><span word="As">As</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="autism">autism</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="schizophrenia">schizophrenia</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="occurred">occurred</span> <span word="predominately">predominately</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="males">males</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="mice">mice</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="performed">performed</span> <span word="poorly">poorly</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="tests">tests</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="short">short</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="memory">memory</span>, <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="ability">ability</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="impulsivity">impulsivity</span>.</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="findings">findings</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="consistent">consistent</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="link">link</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="autism">autism</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="children">children</span>.</p><p><span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="notably">notably</span>, <span word="a">a</span> 2013 <span word="study">study</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="JAMA">JAMA</span> <span word="Psychiatryreported">Psychiatryreported</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="lived">lived</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="traffic">traffic</span>-<span word="related">related</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="develop">develop</span> <span word="autism">autism</span>.</p><p>“<span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="findings">findings</span> <span word="add">add</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="role">role</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="autism">autism</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="neurodevelopmental">neurodevelopmental</span> <span word="disorders">disorders</span>,” <span word="said">said</span> <span word="Deborah">Deborah</span> <span word="Cory">Cory</span>-<span word="Slechta">Slechta</span>, <span word="Ph">Ph</span>.<span word="D">D</span>., <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Rochester">Rochester</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span>.</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="sets">sets</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="experiments">experiments</span>, <span word="Cory">Cory</span>-<span word="Slechta">Slechta</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="exposed">exposed</span> <span word="mice">mice</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="levels">levels</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="mid">mid</span>-<span word="sized">sized</span> <span word="US">US</span> <span word="cities">cities</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="rush">rush</span> <span word="hour">hour</span>.</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="exposures">exposures</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="weeks">weeks</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="birth">birth</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="critical">critical</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="development">development</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="mice">mice</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="exposed">exposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="polluted">polluted</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="four">four</span>-<span word="day">day</span> <span word="periods">periods</span>.</p>
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