科学家发现睡眠中闻气味可治疗恐惧
<p><span word="US">US</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="suggest">suggest</span> <span word="smells">smells</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="calm">calm</span> <span word="fears">fears</span> - <span word="while">while</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>.</p><p><span word="People">People</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="trained">trained</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="associate">associate</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="images">images</span>, <span word="linked">linked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="smells">smells</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="fear">fear</span>.</p><p><span word="During">During</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="exposed">exposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="smells">smells</span> - <span word="and">and</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="woke">woke</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="frightened">frightened</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="image">image</span> <span word="linked">linked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="smell">smell</span>.</p><p><span word="A">A</span> <span word="UK">UK</span> <span word="expert">expert</span> <span word="praised">praised</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="treat">treat</span> <span word="phobias">phobias</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="post">post</span>-<span word="traumatic">traumatic</span> <span word="stress">stress</span> <span word="disorders">disorders</span>.</p><p><span word="People">People</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="phobias">phobias</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="already">already</span> <span word="commonly">commonly</span> <span word="treated">treated</span> <span word="with">with</span> "<span word="gradual">gradual</span> <span word="exposure">exposure</span>" <span word="therapy">therapy</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="awake">awake</span>, <span word="where">where</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="exposed">exposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="frightened">frightened</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="incremental">incremental</span> <span word="degrees">degrees</span>.</p><p><span word="This">This</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="extended">extended</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="therapy">therapy</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="slow">slow</span>-<span word="wave">wave</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="deep">deep</span>, <span word="sleep">sleep</span>.</p><p><span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="deepest">deepest</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>, <span word="where">where</span> <span word="memories">memories</span>, <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="linked">linked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="emotions">emotions</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="processed">processed</span>.</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> 15 <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="pictures">pictures</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="faces">faces</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mild">mild</span> <span word="electric">electric</span> <span word="shock">shock</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="exposed">exposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="specific">specific</span> <span word="smell">smell</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="lemon">lemon</span>, <span word="mint">mint</span>, <span word="new">new</span> <span word="trainers">trainers</span>, <span word="clove">clove</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="wood">wood</span>.</p><p><span word="Later">Later</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="awake">awake</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="faces">faces</span> - <span word="without">without</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scents">scents</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="shocks">shocks</span>.</p><p><span word="They">They</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="fear">fear</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="linked">linked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scent">scent</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="smelt">smelt</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="asleep">asleep</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="face">face</span>.</p><p><span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="measured">measured</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sweat">sweat</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="skin">skin</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fMRI">fMRI</span> (<span word="functional">functional</span> <span word="magnetic">magnetic</span> <span word="resonance">resonance</span> <span word="imaging">imaging</span>) <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="scans">scans</span>.</p>
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