医患关系暧昧 怎样避免误诊
<p><span word="A">A</span> <span word="patient">patient</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="abdominal">abdominal</span> <span word="pain">pain</span> <span word="dies">dies</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ruptured">ruptured</span> <span word="appendix">appendix</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="fails">fails</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="complete">complete</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="exam">exam</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="biopsy">biopsy</span> <span word="comes">comes</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="positive">positive</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="prostate">prostate</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="follows">follows</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lab">lab</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="gets">gets</span> <span word="misplaced">misplaced</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="child">child</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="fever">fever</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="rash">rash</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="diagnosed">diagnosed</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="viral">viral</span> <span word="illness">illness</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="turn">turn</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bacterial">bacterial</span> <span word="meningitis">meningitis</span>.</p><p>如果医生没能做好全面身体检查，腹痛病人可能会死于阑尾破裂。前列腺癌活体组织检查结果呈阳性，但却没人跟进，因为实验室结果被弄混了。小孩发烧和出疹被诊断为病毒性疾病，但最后却发现是严重得多的细菌性脑膜炎。</p><p><span word="Such">Such</span> <span word="devastating">devastating</span> <span word="errors">errors</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="permanent">permanent</span> <span word="damage">damage</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="as">as</span> 160,000 <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Johns">Johns</span> <span word="Hopkins">Hopkins</span> <span word="University">University</span>. <span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="diagnostic">diagnostic</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="medical">medical</span> <span word="mistakes">mistakes</span> -- <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="harm">harm</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> -- <span word="but">but</span> <span word="they">they</span>'<span word="re">re</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="malpractice">malpractice</span> <span word="claims">claims</span>, <span word="accounting">accounting</span> <span word="for">for</span> 35% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> $39 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="payouts">payouts</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>. <span word="from">from</span> 1986 <span word="to">to</span> 2010, <span word="measured">measured</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2011 <span word="dollars">dollars</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Johns">Johns</span> <span word="Hopkins">Hopkins</span>.</p><p>约翰霍普金斯大学(<span word="Johns">Johns</span> <span word="Hopkins">Hopkins</span> <span word="University">University</span>)研究人员表示，每年有多达16万名病人因此类致命失误而出现永久损伤或死亡。研究人员称，诊断问题比其他医疗失误更为普遍，而且更容易伤害到病人，同时它们也是医疗过失诉讼的主因，按照2011年美元价值计算，它们在1986年至2010年间共计近390亿美元的赔偿额中占35%。</p>
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