地球生态超载日：我们一直在透支
<p>今天，8月20日，是今年的“地球生态超载日”，也就是说，我们已经用光了这一年地球能够提供给我们的各类自然资源，人类在余下几个月使用的资源都是在透支下一年的“生态预算”。提出这一概念的全球生态足迹网络表示，目前，人类需要1.5个地球提供的资源才能存活发展；而到本世纪中叶，大概要两个地球才能满足人类的资源需求。该机构发布的报告称，中国因人口总量而成为全球生态足迹总量最大的国家，但是其他国家的人均资源需求量却比中国高。报告指出，如果人人都像美国人那样生活的话，需要有四个地球才能满足我们的资源需求。1961年，人类存活发展只需要三分之二的地球生态资源；到了上世纪70年代，碳排放以及能源消耗增加开始让地球资源“入不敷出”。</p><p>“地球生态超载日”的概念由全球生态足迹网络及英国智库“新经济基金会”提出，其理论基础是“生态足迹分析”法，通过对比人类对自然资源和生态服务的需求（生态足迹）与地球生态系统每年的可再生供给量和吸收废弃物的能力（生态承载力），来测算人类发展的可持续性。</p><p><span word="Humans">Humans</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="resources">resources</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Earth">Earth</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="in">in</span> '<span word="overdraft">overdraft</span>', <span word="campaigners">campaigners</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="warned">warned</span>.</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="reached">reached</span> '<span word="earth">earth</span> <span word="overshoot">overshoot</span> <span word="day">day</span>' <span word="today">today</span>, <span word="August">August</span> 20, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="exhausted">exhausted</span> <span word="supplies">supplies</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="land">land</span>, <span word="trees">trees</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fish">fish</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="outstripped">outstripped</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="planet">planet</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="annual">annual</span> <span word="capacity">capacity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="absorb">absorb</span> <span word="waste">waste</span> <span word="products">products</span> <span word="including">including</span> <span word="carbon">carbon</span> <span word="dioxide">dioxide</span>.</p>
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