研究发现：空气污染显著缩短寿命
<p><span word="A">A</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="links">links</span> <span word="heavy">heavy</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="coal">coal</span> <span word="burning">burning</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="shorter">shorter</span> <span word="lives">lives</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="northern">northern</span> <span word="China">China</span>. <span word="Researchers">Researchers</span> <span word="estimate">estimate</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="half">half</span>-<span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="alive">alive</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1990<span word="s">s</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="of">of</span> 5 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="southern">southern</span> <span word="counterparts">counterparts</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="breathed">breathed</span> <span word="dirtier">dirtier</span> <span word="air">air</span>.</p><p><span word="China">China</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="comparison">comparison</span> <span word="possible">possible</span>: <span word="for">for</span> <span word="decades">decades</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="now">now</span>-<span word="discontinued">discontinued</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="provided">provided</span> <span word="free">free</span> <span word="coal">coal</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="heating">heating</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="colder">colder</span> <span word="north">north</span>. <span word="Researchers">Researchers</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="significant">significant</span> <span word="differences">differences</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="particle">particle</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="expectancy">expectancy</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="regions">regions</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="extrapolate">extrapolate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="lifespans">lifespans</span> <span word="elsewhere">elsewhere</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>.</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="China">China</span>, <span word="Israel">Israel</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="Tuesday">Tuesday</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Proceedings">Proceedings</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Academy">Academy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Sciences">Sciences</span>.</p><p><span word="While">While</span> <span word="previous">previous</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="affects">affects</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="health">health</span>, “<span word="the">the</span> <span word="deeper">deeper</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ultimately">ultimately</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="impact">impact</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="expectancy">expectancy</span>,” <span word="said">said</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="authors">authors</span>, <span word="Michael">Michael</span> <span word="Greenstone">Greenstone</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="economics">economics</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</span> <span word="Institute">Institute</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Technology">Technology</span>.</p><p>“<span word="This">This</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="unique">unique</span> <span word="setting">setting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="expectancy">expectancy</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> (<span word="heating">heating</span>) <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="dramatically">dramatically</span> <span word="alters">alters</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="concentrations">concentrations</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="otherwise">otherwise</span> <span word="identical">identical</span> <span word="health">health</span>,” <span word="Greenstone">Greenstone</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="email">email</span>. “<span word="Further">Further</span>, <span word="due">due</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="migration">migration</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="period">period</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="people">people</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="exposure">exposure</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="periods">periods</span>,” <span word="he">he</span> <span word="said">said</span>.</p>
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