器官配给—谁来决定生死权？
<p><span word="A">A</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="lungs">lungs</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="lungs">lungs</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="adult">adult</span> <span word="donor">donor</span>, <span word="only">only</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="child">child</span>. <span word="That">That</span> <span word="meant">meant</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="probably">probably</span> <span word="die">die</span>.</p><p>一个小女孩需要换肺。根据规定，她不能移植成年捐献者的肺，只能从另一个儿童身上获得。这意味着，她可能很难等到这一天了。</p><p><span word="Janet">Janet</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Francis">Francis</span> <span word="Murnaghan">Murnaghan</span> <span word="complained">complained</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="discriminated">discriminated</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="daughter">daughter</span> <span word="Sarah">Sarah</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="ten">ten</span>-<span word="year">year</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="treated">treated</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="cystic">cystic</span> <span word="fibrosis">fibrosis</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="sued">sued</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="list">list</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="adult">adult</span> <span word="lungs">lungs</span>. <span word="Kathleen">Kathleen</span> <span word="Sebelius">Sebelius</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="secretary">secretary</span>, <span word="ordered">ordered</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="review">review</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="hesitant">hesitant</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="meddle">meddle</span> <span word="further">further</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="conservative">conservative</span> <span word="editorial">editorial</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="her">her</span> “<span word="a">a</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="panel">panel</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="one">one</span>”.</p><p>珍妮特·莫纳汉和弗朗西斯·莫纳汉夫妇抱怨这样的规定对他们十岁的女儿萨拉不公平。萨拉正在费城接受囊性纤维病的治疗。他们想让医院把萨拉的名字添加到成人肺器官捐献的等候名单上。卫生部部长凯瑟琳·西贝柳斯已下令复查器官移植政策，但也仅止于此。一篇保守主义的社论称她为“一人死亡判刑委员会”。</p><p><span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="transplants">transplants</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="rising">rising</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="organs">organs</span> (<span word="see">see</span> <span word="chart">chart</span>). <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="donations">donations</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="someone">someone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="die">die</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ailment">ailment</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="ravaged">ravaged</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="insides">insides</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="kidneys">kidneys</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="scarce">scarce</span>, <span word="though">though</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="donate">donate</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span>. <span word="Americans">Americans</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="abhor">abhor</span> <span word="rationing">rationing</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="hate">hate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="letting">letting</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="sell">sell</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="organ">organ</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="rationing">rationing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="with">with</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="handled">handled</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Organ">Organ</span> <span word="Procurement">Procurement</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Transplantation">Transplantation</span> <span word="Network">Network</span> (<span word="OPTN">OPTN</span>), <span word="which">which</span> <span word="includes">includes</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span>, <span word="patient">patient</span> <span word="advocates">advocates</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bioethicists">bioethicists</span>, <span word="overseen">overseen</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="department">department</span>. <span word="Its">Its</span> <span word="policies">policies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="and">and</span>, <span word="inevitably">inevitably</span>, <span word="imperfect">imperfect</span>.</p>
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