那些振奋人心的毕业致辞究竟保质期有多久
<p><span word="Six">Six</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="decades">decades</span> <span word="ago">ago</span> <span word="George">George</span> <span word="Marshall">Marshall</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="secretary">secretary</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="state">state</span>, <span word="delivered">delivered</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="commencement">commencement</span> <span word="speech">speech</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Harvard">Harvard</span> <span word="University">University</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="graduation">graduation</span> <span word="ceremony">ceremony</span>. <span word="Back">Back</span> <span word="then">then</span>, <span word="in">in</span> 1947, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pander">pander</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="audience">audience</span>: <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="offering">offering</span> <span word="anecdotes">anecdotes</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="career">career</span> <span word="advice">advice</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="delivered">delivered</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lofty">lofty</span> <span word="appeal">appeal</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="save">save</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="war">war</span>-<span word="battered">battered</span> <span word="continent">continent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span>.</p><p>六十年前，时任美国国务卿的乔治•马歇尔(<span word="George">George</span> <span word="Marshall">Marshall</span>)在哈佛大学(<span word="Harvard">Harvard</span> <span word="University">University</span>)的毕业典礼上致辞。当时（1947年），马歇尔并未感到有必要去迎合那些年轻的听众；他没有分享自己的人生趣事或是给出职业建议，而是高屋建瓴地呼吁美国人民去拯救战后满目疮痍的欧洲大陆。</p><p>“<span word="The">The</span> <span word="truth">truth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="matter">matter</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Europe">Europe</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="requirements">requirements</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="essential">essential</span> <span word="products">products</span> - <span word="principally">principally</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="America">America</span> - <span word="are">are</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="present">present</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="substantial">substantial</span> <span word="additional">additional</span> <span word="help">help</span>,” <span word="Marshall">Marshall</span> <span word="solemnly">solemnly</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="outlined">outlined</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="his">his</span> <span word="putative">putative</span> “<span word="Marshall">Marshall</span> <span word="plan">plan</span>”. “<span word="The">The</span> <span word="remedy">remedy</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="breaking">breaking</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="vicious">vicious</span> <span word="circle">circle</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="restoring">restoring</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="confidence">confidence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="European">European</span> <span word="people">people</span>.”</p><p>马歇尔严肃地告诉台下的学生们：“事实上，欧洲在未来三到四年间需要外国（主要是美国）提供的食品以及其他重要物资，远远超过了欧洲目前的支付能力，因此欧洲必须得到大量额外援助。”这是他首次阐述所谓 “马歇尔计划”的政策纲要。他说：“解决问题的关键在于打破当前的恶性循环，并让欧洲民众重拾信心。”</p>
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