校园生活:论大学教育的含金量
<p><span word="For">For</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="UK">UK</span> <span word="today">today</span>, <span word="deciding">deciding</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="university">university</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="affordability">affordability</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="ambition">ambition</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="aspiration">aspiration</span>.</p><p>对于今天英国的许多学生来说，决定是不是去上大学已经不仅仅关乎抱负与渴望，能不能上得起也是他们做出决定的重要因素。</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="by">by</span>, <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="UK">UK</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="apply">apply</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="university">university</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="college">college</span> <span word="safe">safe</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="knowledge">knowledge</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="income">income</span> <span word="family">family</span>, <span word="their">their</span> <span word="tuition">tuition</span> <span word="fees">fees</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="living">living</span>(<span word="or">or</span> <span word="maintenance">maintenance</span>) <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="covered">covered</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="local">local</span> <span word="authority">authority</span> <span word="grant">grant</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="university">university</span> <span word="education">education</span> <span word="was">was</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="financial">financial</span> <span word="sense">sense</span>, <span word="open">open</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="attending">attending</span> <span word="university">university</span> <span word="grew">grew</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="year">year</span>.</p><p>过去，英国的学生可以申请大学，并且确信即使自己来自低收入家庭，学费和一部分生活费也可以由当地的政府部门拨款发放津贴解决。大学教育，从学费角度而言是对所有学生开放的，因此踏入大学校门的学生也逐年增多。</p><p><span word="Sadly">Sadly</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="seems">seems</span>, <span word="those">those</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="gone">gone</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="turning">turning</span> <span word="point">point</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1998, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Labour">Labour</span> <span word="Government">Government</span> <span word="introduced">introduced</span> <span word="tuition">tuition</span> <span word="fees">fees</span> <span word="of">of</span> ￡1,000 <span word="a">a</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="and">and</span>, <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="maintenance">maintenance</span> <span word="grant">grant</span>, <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cover">cover</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="expenses">expenses</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="repayable">repayable</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="loan">loan</span>. <span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lowest">lowest</span> <span word="incomes">incomes</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="entitled">entitled</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="grant">grant</span>.</p><p>遗憾的是，那些日子一去不复返了。转折点发生在1998年，工党政府开始推行每年需缴1,000英镑大学学费的政策，并且不再向学生发放生活津贴，而是让他们通过需要偿还的学生贷款来解决生活费问题。只有来自最低收入家庭的学生才有资格得到补助。</p>
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