影响力研究：戴眼镜会令人看起来聪明但缺乏魅力吗？
<p><span word="As">As</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="rule">rule</span>, <span word="yes">yes</span>: <span word="glasses">glasses</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="smarter">smarter</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="attractive">attractive</span>.</p><p>作为一条普遍规律，是的：戴眼镜会令你看上去更聪明但更缺少魅力。</p><p><span word="What">What</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="fascinating">fascinating</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="determined">determined</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="glasses">glasses</span>. <span word="Rimless">Rimless</span> <span word="glasses">glasses</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="distinctive">distinctive</span>, <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="perceived">perceived</span> <span word="trustworthiness">trustworthiness</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="decrease">decrease</span> <span word="attractiveness">attractiveness</span>.</p><p>这项研究最吸引人的一点在于它也说明了这种效应取决于眼镜的类型。无框眼镜会令你的脸显得柔和、增加你的可信度，并且不会减少你的魅力。</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="perception">perception</span>, <span word="besides">besides</span> <span word="physiognomic">physiognomic</span> <span word="changes">changes</span>, <span word="accessories">accessories</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="eyeglasses">eyeglasses</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="facial">facial</span> <span word="appearance">appearance</span>. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stereotype">stereotype</span>, <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="wear">wear</span> <span word="glasses">glasses</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="intelligent">intelligent</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="attractive">attractive</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="series">series</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="experiments">experiments</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="full">full</span>-<span word="rim">rim</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="rimless">rimless</span> <span word="glasses">glasses</span>, <span word="differing">differing</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="respect">respect</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="cover">cover</span>, <span word="affect">affect</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="perception">perception</span>, <span word="recognition">recognition</span>, <span word="distinctiveness">distinctiveness</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="attribution">attribution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="stereotypes">stereotypes</span>. <span word="Eyeglasses">Eyeglasses</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="directed">directed</span> <span word="observers">observers</span>’ <span word="gaze">gaze</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="eye">eye</span> <span word="regions">regions</span>; <span word="rimless">rimless</span> <span word="glasses">glasses</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="faces">faces</span> <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="distinctive">distinctive</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="resulted">resulted</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="reduced">reduced</span> <span word="distinctiveness">distinctiveness</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="matching">matching</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="recognition">recognition</span> <span word="tasks">tasks</span>. <span word="Moreover">Moreover</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stereotype">stereotype</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="confirmed">confirmed</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="depended">depended</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="glasses">glasses</span>—<span word="rimless">rimless</span> <span word="glasses">glasses</span> <span word="yielded">yielded</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="perceived">perceived</span> <span word="trustworthiness">trustworthiness</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="decrease">decrease</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="attractiveness">attractiveness</span>.</p><p>在面部感知方面，除了相貌的变化，一些诸如眼镜的配饰也会影响外表。一种成见认为，戴眼镜的人看上去更聪明，但比较缺乏魅力。在一组四项试验中，我们证明了全框眼镜和无框眼镜——就他们被佩戴的次数而言——是如何影响面部感知、识别度、出众程度以及如何形成这种成见的。眼镜通常会将观者的目光引向眼睛区域；无框眼镜会使脸显的更加柔和，从而减少了匹配时的分辨度以及识别任务的准度。此外，“戴眼镜的人聪明但缺少魅力”的这种成见得到了确认，但这取决于佩戴哪一种眼镜——无框眼镜增强了戴眼镜者的可信度、但并没有减少其魅力。</p>
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