了解大脑如何运转,保证更加健康生活
<p><span word="For">For</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> 20 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="neuroscientists">neuroscientists</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="compelling">compelling</span> <span word="pictures">pictures</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> '<span word="lighting">lighting</span> <span word="up">up</span>' <span word="when">when</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="hear">hear</span>, <span word="love">love</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="hate">hate</span>, <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="act">act</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="step">step</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="suggested">suggested</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="misleadingly">misleadingly</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="works">works</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="specific">specific</span> <span word="mental">mental</span> <span word="abilities">abilities</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="specific">specific</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="areas">areas</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="phrenology">phrenology</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 19<span word="th">th</span> <span word="century">century</span>, <span word="claimed">claimed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="associate">associate</span> <span word="psychological">psychological</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="skull">skull</span> <span word="shapes">shapes</span>.</p><p>过去20年间，神经学家向人们展示了饶有趣味的画面：当我们在聆听或观赏、喜爱或厌恶、思考或行动时，大脑的不同区域是如何被激活的。是这些研究成果迈出了关键性的第一步，但它们对大脑简单运转方式的认知却充满了误导。这些研究认为特定脑部区域和不同心理活动相关，这一观点与19世纪的颅相学颇为相似，此学说宣称人的心理特质与颅骨形状相关。</p><p><span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mind">mind</span>, <span word="not">not</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>. <span word="Why">Why</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="do">do</span>? <span word="Associating">Associating</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="question">question</span>. <span word="After">After</span> <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="minds">minds</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stuff">stuff</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="necks">necks</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tops">tops</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="heads">heads</span>. <span word="Just">Just</span> <span word="adding">adding</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="vision">vision</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="stuff">stuff</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="stuff">stuff</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="front">front</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="vision">vision</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="planning">planning</span> <span word="work">work</span>.</p>
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