研究：双语人士大脑反应速度更快
<p>美国肯塔基大学的研究人员发现，能讲两种语言可以抑制大脑衰老的速度，双语人士的大脑反应速度也比只会讲一种语言的人要更快一些。不过，研究人员指出，该研究发现只适用于那些从10岁起就开始使用第二语言的双语人士。阿拉巴马大学医学院的一位神经生物学家称双语现象是一个“美妙的自然试验”，人们在成长过程中不断切换使用两种语言能够使认知反应速度和能力得到提升。研究人员指出，儿童学习第二语言并不会阻碍母语能力的学习和发展，反而会有促进作用。</p><p><span word="Speaking">Speaking</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="languages">languages</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="offset">offset</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="aging">aging</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="found">found</span>.</p><p><span word="Researchers">Researchers</span> <span word="tested">tested</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="participants">participants</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="switch">switch</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="cognitive">cognitive</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="another">another</span>, <span word="something">something</span> <span word="that">that</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="adults">adults</span>, <span word="said">said</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="researcher">researcher</span>, <span word="Brian">Brian</span> <span word="Gold">Gold</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="neuroscientist">neuroscientist</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Kentucky">Kentucky</span>.</p><p>"<span word="It">It</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="implications">implications</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="aging">aging</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="more">more</span>," <span word="Gold">Gold</span> <span word="said">said</span>. "<span word="Seniors">Seniors</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="longer">longer</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="that">that</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="thing">thing</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="extent">extent</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="healthy">healthy</span>."</p><p><span word="Gold">Gold</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="task">task</span>-<span word="switching">switching</span> <span word="speeds">speeds</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="younger">younger</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="adults">adults</span>, <span word="knowing">knowing</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="slower">slower</span> <span word="speeds">speeds</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="previous">previous</span> <span word="studies">studies</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="adults">adults</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="spoke">spoke</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="languages">languages</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="switch">switch</span> <span word="mental">mental</span> <span word="gears">gears</span> <span word="faster">faster</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span>.</p>
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