研究发现：熟不一定能生巧
<p>加拿大作家马尔科姆·格拉德威尔曾提出过著名的“一万小时定律”，他认为只要付出持续不断的努力，任何人都能成为专家。就像俗话说的那样，熟能生巧。但是最近的一项研究却公然挑战这一定律，指出投入的练习时间多不一定就能达到比别人更好的技能状态。</p><p><span word="With">With</span> <span word="blatant">blatant</span> <span word="disregard">disregard</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="benefits">benefits</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="motivational">motivational</span> <span word="idioms">idioms</span>, <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="concluded">concluded</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span>, <span word="necessarily">necessarily</span>, <span word="make">make</span> <span word="perfect">perfect</span>.</p><p>近日，一些研究人员公然无视熟能生巧的普世道理，得出结论说：熟不一定能生巧。</p><p><span word="A">A</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="violinists">violinists</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="merely">merely</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="players">players</span> <span word="practised">practised</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="as">as</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span>, <span word="better">better</span> <span word="players">players</span>, <span word="leaving">leaving</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="factors">factors</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tuition">tuition</span>, <span word="learning">learning</span> <span word="skills">skills</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="talent">talent</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="account">account</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="difference">difference</span>.</p><p>一项对小提琴演奏者的研究发现，如果不考虑教学质量、学习技巧和天分等因素的差异，水平过得去的演奏者和杰出的演奏者练习的时间一样多，甚至可能更多。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="latest">latest</span> <span word="blow">blow</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> 10,000-<span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="rule">rule</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="promoted">promoted</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Malcolm">Malcolm</span> <span word="Gladwell">Gladwell</span>’<span word="s">s</span> 2008 <span word="book">book</span>, <span word="Outliers">Outliers</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="expert">expert</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span>, <span word="Gladwell">Gladwell</span> <span word="states">states</span> <span word="that">that</span> “<span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="magic">magic</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="greatness">greatness</span>”.</p><p>这一研究结果是对“一万小时定律”的最新挑战。马尔科姆·格拉德威尔在2008年著作《异类》中提出了这一定律，他的观点是只要练习得足够多，任何人都可以成为专家。在书中，格拉德威尔指出，“一万个小时是铸就伟大成就的神奇数字”。</p>
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