每天8小时不是必需睡眠？
<p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="eight">eight</span>-<span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="chunks">chunks</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="relatively">relatively</span> <span word="recent">recent</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="world">world</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="sleeps">sleeps</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="surprising">surprising</span> <span word="ways">ways</span>. <span word="Millions">Millions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="continue">continue</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="heads">heads</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="desks">desks</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="nap">nap</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="lunch">lunch</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="daytime">daytime</span> <span word="napping">napping</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="India">India</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Spain">Spain</span>.</p><p>人应连睡八小时，这是相对较新的理念。在这个世界上，人们睡觉的方式千姿百态、令人惊讶。比如在中国，现在仍然有上百万人每天吃完午饭后，要趴在桌上打一个小时的盹。在从印度到西班牙的国家里，午睡都司空见惯。</p><p><span word="One">One</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="signs">signs</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="emphasis">emphasis</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="straight">straight</span> <span word="eight">eight</span>-<span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="outlived">outlived</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="usefulness">usefulness</span> <span word="arose">arose</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> 1990<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="thanks">thanks</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Virginia">Virginia</span> <span word="Tech">Tech</span> <span word="named">named</span> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Roger">Roger</span> <span word="Ekirch">Ekirch</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="investigating">investigating</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="notice">notice</span> <span word="strange">strange</span> <span word="references">references</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="character">character</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> “<span word="Canterbury">Canterbury</span> <span word="Tales">Tales</span>,” <span word="for">for</span> <span word="instance">instance</span>, <span word="decides">decides</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bed">bed</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="her">her</span> “<span word="firste">firste</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>.” <span word="A">A</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="England">England</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> “<span word="first">first</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>” <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> “<span word="second">second</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>” <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reflection">reflection</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="one">one</span> 16<span word="th">th</span>-<span word="century">century</span> <span word="French">French</span> <span word="physician">physician</span> <span word="concluded">concluded</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="laborers">laborers</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="conceive">conceive</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="waited">waited</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="their">their</span> “<span word="first">first</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>” <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="love">love</span>. <span word="Professor">Professor</span> <span word="Ekirch">Ekirch</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="learned">learned</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="wasn">wasn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="historical">historical</span> <span word="existence">existence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="alternate">alternate</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="cycles">cycles</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="fluke">fluke</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="history">history</span>, <span word="Thomas">Thomas</span> <span word="A">A</span>. <span word="Wehr">Wehr</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="psychiatrist">psychiatrist</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Institute">Institute</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Mental">Mental</span> <span word="Health">Health</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Bethesda">Bethesda</span>, <span word="Md">Md</span>., <span word="was">was</span> <span word="conducting">conducting</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="experiment">experiment</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="subjects">subjects</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="deprived">deprived</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="artificial">artificial</span> <span word="light">light</span>. <span word="Without">Without</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="illumination">illumination</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="distraction">distraction</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="light">light</span> <span word="bulbs">bulbs</span>, <span word="televisions">televisions</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="computers">computers</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subjects">subjects</span> <span word="slept">slept</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="night">night</span>, <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="first">first</span>. <span word="But">But</span>, <span word="after">after</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="while">while</span>, <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Wehr">Wehr</span> <span word="noticed">noticed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="subjects">subjects</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wake">wake</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="midnight">midnight</span>, <span word="lie">lie</span> <span word="awake">awake</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="couple">couple</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="hours">hours</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="drift">drift</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="again">again</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="pattern">pattern</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="segmented">segmented</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Professor">Professor</span> <span word="Ekirch">Ekirch</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="referenced">referenced</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="historical">historical</span> <span word="records">records</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="literature">literature</span>.</p>
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