研究称大象有4种性格 助其野外生存
<p><span word="Elephants">Elephants</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="distinct">distinct</span> <span word="personalities">personalities</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="herd">herd</span> <span word="survive">survive</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="African">African</span> <span word="bush">bush</span>, <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="found">found</span>.</p><p><span word="With">With</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="grey">grey</span> <span word="skin">skin</span>, <span word="mournful">mournful</span> <span word="eyes">eyes</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="slow">slow</span> <span word="plodding">plodding</span> <span word="gait">gait</span>, <span word="you">you</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="forgiven">forgiven</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="elephants">elephants</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="uniformly">uniformly</span> <span word="melancholy">melancholy</span> <span word="creatures">creatures</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="discovered">discovered</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="largest">largest</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="personalities">personalities</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="match">match</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="size">size</span>.</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="African">African</span> <span word="elephants">elephants</span>, <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="identified">identified</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="distinct">distinct</span> <span word="characters">characters</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="prevalent">prevalent</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="herd">herd</span> – <span word="the">the</span> <span word="leaders">leaders</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gentle">gentle</span> <span word="giants">giants</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="playful">playful</span> <span word="rogues">rogues</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reliable">reliable</span> <span word="plodders">plodders</span>.</p><p><span word="Each">Each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="types">types</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="giant">giant</span> <span word="mammals">mammals</span> <span word="survive">survive</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="harsh">harsh</span> <span word="environment">environment</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="unique">unique</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="animal">animal</span> <span word="kingdom">kingdom</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span>.</p><p><span word="Professor">Professor</span> <span word="Phyllis">Phyllis</span> <span word="Lee">Lee</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="colleague">colleague</span> <span word="Cynthia">Cynthia</span> <span word="Moss">Moss</span> <span word="studied">studied</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="herd">herd</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="elephants">elephants</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Amboseli">Amboseli</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Park">Park</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Kenya">Kenya</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="EB">EB</span> <span word="family">family</span> – <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="matriarch">matriarch</span> <span word="Echo">Echo</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="died">died</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2009.</p><p><span word="Using">Using</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="collected">collected</span> <span word="over">over</span> 38 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="watching">watching</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="group">group</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="analysed">analysed</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="for">for</span> 26 <span word="types">types</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="behaviour">behaviour</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="personality">personality</span> <span word="traits">traits</span> <span word="tended">tended</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fore">fore</span>.</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="strongest">strongest</span> <span word="personality">personality</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="emerge">emerge</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="leader">leader</span>. <span word="Unlike">Unlike</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>, <span word="where">where</span> <span word="leadership">leadership</span> <span word="tends">tends</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="dominant">dominant</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="aggressive">aggressive</span> <span word="individual">individual</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="elephants">elephants</span> <span word="instead">instead</span> <span word="respected">respected</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="solving">solving</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="leader">leader</span>. <span word="Echo">Echo</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="matriarch">matriarch</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="oldest">oldest</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="group">group</span>, <span word="her">her</span> <span word="daughter">daughter</span> <span word="Enid">Enid</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Ella">Ella</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="oldest">oldest</span> <span word="female">female</span>, <span word="all">all</span> <span word="emerged">emerged</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="leaders">leaders</span>.</p>
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