英日科学家因“细胞重新编程”获诺奖
<p><span word="Two">Two</span> <span word="stem">stem</span>-<span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="year">year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Nobel">Nobel</span> <span word="Prize">Prize</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Physiology">Physiology</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Medicine">Medicine</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="groundbreaking">groundbreaking</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="cellular">cellular</span> <span word="reprogramming">reprogramming</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="technique">technique</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="unleashed">unleashed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="wave">wave</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="advances">advances</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="biology">biology</span>, <span word="from">from</span> <span word="cloning">cloning</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="diseases">diseases</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="patient">patient</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>.</p><p>两位干细胞研究者因其在细胞重新编程方面的开创型工作，获得了今年诺贝尔生理或医学奖。细胞重新编程技术引发了一轮生物学进步浪潮，其中包括克隆以及有可能使用病人自身细胞来治愈疾病。</p><p><span word="Experiments">Experiments</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="John">John</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="Gurdon">Gurdon</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="Kingdom">Kingdom</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Shinya">Shinya</span> <span word="Yamanaka">Yamanaka</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="mature">mature</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="embryonic">embryonic</span>-<span word="like">like</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="laboratory">laboratory</span> <span word="dish">dish</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="head">head</span>-<span word="spinning">spinning</span> <span word="discovery">discovery</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="biological">biological</span> <span word="equivalent">equivalent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="turning">turning</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="time">time</span>.</p><p>英国人格登(<span word="John">John</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="Gurdon">Gurdon</span>)和日本人山中伸弥(<span word="Shinya">Shinya</span> <span word="Yamanaka">Yamanaka</span>)的试验表明，取自人体的成熟细胞可在实验室培养皿中转变为类似胚胎状态的细胞。这是一项令人震惊的发现，在生物学上相当于将时光倒转。</p><p><span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="work">work</span> '<span word="has">has</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="accepted">accepted</span> <span word="dogma">dogma</span>' <span word="that">that</span> <span word="mature">mature</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="condemned">condemned</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="exist">exist</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="specialized">specialized</span> <span word="state">state</span>, <span word="said">said</span> <span word="Martin">Martin</span> <span word="Evans">Evans</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="stem">stem</span>-<span word="cell">cell</span> <span word="pioneer">pioneer</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="shared">shared</span> <span word="the">the</span> 2007 <span word="Nobel">Nobel</span> <span word="Prize">Prize</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="interview">interview</span>.</p><p>英国干细胞研究先驱、曾于2007年分享诺贝尔医学奖的埃文斯(<span word="Martin">Martin</span> <span word="Evans">Evans</span>)在接受采访时说，他们的工作改变了人们认为的成熟细胞只能存活于特定状态下的固有看法。</p>
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