如何解决城市能源供应难题?
<p><span word="Cities">Cities</span> <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="account">account</span> <span word="for">for</span> 60 <span word="per">per</span> <span word="cent">cent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="use">use</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="International">International</span> <span word="Energy">Energy</span> <span word="Agency">Agency</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="backed">backed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="governments">governments</span>.</p><p>根据得到发达政府支持的国际能源署(<span word="IEA">IEA</span>)数据，城市养育了全球约一半的人口，却消耗了占全球使用量60%的能源。</p><p><span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="urbanisation">urbanisation</span> – <span word="local">local</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span>, <span word="greenhouse">greenhouse</span> <span word="gas">gas</span> <span word="emissions">emissions</span>, <span word="provision">provision</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="services">services</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="development">development</span> – <span word="are">are</span> <span word="linked">linked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="use">use</span>.</p><p>城市化的很多问题——环境污染、温室气体排放、服务配套和经济发展，都与能源消耗有关。</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="emerging">emerging</span> <span word="economies">economies</span>, <span word="cities">cities</span> <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="consume">consume</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="commercially">commercially</span> <span word="provided">provided</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="rural">rural</span> <span word="areas">areas</span>. <span word="City">City</span> <span word="dwellers">dwellers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="access">access</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="electricity">electricity</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>-<span word="hungry">hungry</span> <span word="consumer">consumer</span> <span word="goods">goods</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="places">places</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="powered">powered</span>.</p><p>在新兴经济体，城市对商业化供应的能源消耗量往往超过农村地区。城市居民更有可能获得电力供应、拥有高耗能的消费品并在需要用电的场所工作。</p><p><span word="Rural">Rural</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="biomass">biomass</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="wood">wood</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="animal">animal</span> <span word="dung">dung</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="cooking">cooking</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="heating">heating</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="consumption">consumption</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="higher">higher</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="demand">demand</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="coal">coal</span>, <span word="gas">gas</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="greatest">greatest</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="cities">cities</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="China">China</span>, <span word="cities">cities</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="twice">twice</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="commercial">commercial</span> <span word="energy">energy</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="capita">capita</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="countryside">countryside</span>.</p><p>在农村，利用柴火和动物粪便等生物质来生活做法和取暖的情况，往往会比城市里普遍得多。因此，农村能源消耗总量通常更高。但在城市，人们对煤炭、天然气和电力这几种形式的能源需求量最大。在中国，城市人均商业化供应的能源消耗量是农村的两倍。</p>
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