癌症基因疗法取得新突破
<p><span word="THE">THE</span> <span word="International">International</span> <span word="Cancer">Cancer</span> <span word="Genome">Genome</span> <span word="Consortium">Consortium</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="alliance">alliance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="laboratories">laboratories</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="trying">trying</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="definitive">definitive</span> <span word="list">list</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="genetic">genetic</span> <span word="mutations">mutations</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="accumulating">accumulating</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="astonishing">astonishing</span> <span word="rate">rate</span>. <span word="About">About</span> 3,000 <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="breast">breast</span> <span word="tumours">tumours</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="have">have</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="genotypes">genotypes</span> <span word="published">published</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="not">not</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span>, <span word="help">help</span> <span word="patients">patients</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="collected">collected</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="context">context</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="drug">drug</span> <span word="trial">trial</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="Matthew">Matthew</span> <span word="Ellis">Ellis</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Washington">Washington</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="St">St</span> <span word="Louis">Louis</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="suffering">suffering</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="breast">breast</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span>. <span word="Their">Their</span> <span word="methods">methods</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="prove">prove</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="cancers">cancers</span> <span word="too">too</span>, <span word="may">may</span> <span word="revolutionise">revolutionise</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span>.</p><p>国际癌症基因组协作组（<span word="THE">THE</span> <span word="International">International</span> <span word="Cancer">Cancer</span> <span word="Genome">Genome</span> <span word="Consortium">Consortium</span>）是试图建立一份会引起癌症的基因突变完整清单的实验室联盟，它积累数据的速度让人吃惊。例如，它已经发表了大约3000种不同的乳房肿瘤的基因型。但光凭这些数据本身无法帮助患者。要医治病人，人们必须结合药物试验采集数据。而这正是在圣路易斯市的华盛顿大学（<span word="Washington">Washington</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="St">St</span> <span word="Louis">Louis</span>）工作的马修?埃利斯（<span word="Matthew">Matthew</span> <span word="Ellis">Ellis</span>）及其同事们为罹患乳腺癌的妇女们所作的工作。如果事实证明他们的方法对其他癌症也有用的话，这可能会是癌症治疗的一次革命。</p><p><span word="Dr">Dr</span> <span word="Ellis">Ellis</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="sequenced">sequenced</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="genomes">genomes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="cancerous">cancerous</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="normal">normal</span> <span word="tissue">tissue</span> <span word="from">from</span> 46 <span word="women">women</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="tumours">tumours</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="oestrogen">oestrogen</span>-<span word="receptor">receptor</span>-<span word="positive">positive</span> <span word="breast">breast</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="sequenced">sequenced</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="gene">gene</span>-<span word="containing">containing</span> <span word="regions">regions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="genome">genome</span>-<span word="about">about</span> 1% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="DNA">DNA</span>-<span word="from">from</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="additional">additional</span> 31 <span word="women">women</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="parts">parts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sequences">sequences</span> <span word="of">of</span> 240 <span word="more">more</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="compared">compared</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tumorous">tumorous</span> <span word="genomes">genomes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="patient">patient</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="discover">discover</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="genes">genes</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="mutated">mutated</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span>.</p>
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