当运动减肥遇上关节担忧
<p><span word="Overweight">Overweight</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="obese">obese</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="shouldn">shouldn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="regular">regular</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="worries">worries</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="knees">knees</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Journal">Journal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</span> & <span word="Community">Community</span> <span word="Health">Health</span>. <span word="A">A</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="overweight">overweight</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="obese">obese</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="knee">knee</span> <span word="osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="significantly">significantly</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="normal">normal</span>-<span word="weight">weight</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="didn">didn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="risk">risk</span>. 《流行病学与公共卫生杂志》(<span word="Journal">Journal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</span> & <span word="Community">Community</span> <span word="Health">Health</span>)刊文称，超重和肥胖人群不应以可能导致膝关节骨性关节炎为由，抗拒定期的体育锻炼。一项针对超重和肥胖人群的研究发现，该类人群罹患膝关节骨性关节炎的风险远高于正常体重的人群，但体育锻炼并不会增大这种风险。</p><p><span word="Previous">Previous</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="examining">examining</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="recreational">recreational</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="mixed">mixed</span> <span word="findings">findings</span>.<span word="Tim">Tim</span> <span word="Bower">Bower</span>以往也有过一些针对休闲运动是否会引发或增加骨性关节炎风险的研究，但结果莫衷一是。</p><p><span word="Researchers">Researchers</span> <span word="analyzed">analyzed</span> <span word="osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> 30,000 <span word="Norwegian">Norwegian</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="enrolled">enrolled</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="surveys">surveys</span> <span word="from">from</span> 1984 <span word="to">to</span> 1997. <span word="Subjects">Subjects</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="mid">mid</span>-40<span word="s">s</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pain">pain</span>-<span word="free">free</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="start">start</span>. <span word="Just">Just</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="participants">participants</span> <span word="exercised">exercised</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="per">per</span> <span word="week">week</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="physically">physically</span> <span word="active">active</span>. <span word="Physician">Physician</span>-<span word="diagnosed">diagnosed</span> <span word="osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="reported">reported</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subjects">subjects</span>. 研究人员对1984至1997年接受全国健康调查的近三万挪威人进行了骨性关节炎风险分析。调查对象的年龄处于45岁上下，起初并无关节疼痛症状。其中只有三分之一强的调查对象每周运动超过一个小时，被认为属于积极锻炼的人群。调查对象均报告称医生诊断其患有骨性关节炎。<span word="Risk">Risk</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="knee">knee</span> <span word="osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="obese">obese</span> <span word="men">men</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="normal">normal</span>-<span word="weight">weight</span> <span word="subjects">subjects</span> <span word="over">over</span> 11 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="follow">follow</span>-<span word="up">up</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="found">found</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="additional">additional</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="intensity">intensity</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="body">body</span>-<span word="mass">mass</span>-<span word="index">index</span> <span word="category">category</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="analysis">analysis</span> <span word="showed">showed</span>. <span word="Hip">Hip</span> <span word="osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</span> <span word="wasn">wasn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="linked">linked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="BMI">BMI</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span>. 研究发现，在11年的跟踪分析中，肥胖人群（不分男女）罹患膝关节骨性关节炎的风险较正常体重的人群高出四倍多。但分析显示，按体质指数(<span word="BMI">BMI</span>)划分的任何一类人群中，运动或运动强度均不会导致罹患骨性关节炎的风险增大。髋关节骨性关节炎与体质指数或运动强度均无直接关系。<span word="Caveat">Caveat</span>: <span word="Information">Information</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="types">types</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span> <span word="performed">performed</span> <span word="wasn">wasn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="available">available</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="possible">possible</span> <span word="participation">participation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="impact">impact</span> <span word="sports">sports</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="knee">knee</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="hip">hip</span> <span word="osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="categories">categories</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="BMI">BMI</span>, <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="said">said</span>. 警告：有关调查对象所进行的运动的类型不得而知。研究人员指出，不论体质指标是属于哪一类的人群，都仍有可能因为进行高强度运动而导致罹患膝关节和髋关节骨性关节炎的风险增大。</p>
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