日本下坡路上的赢家
<p><span word="A">A</span> <span word="decade">decade</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="deflation">deflation</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="landscape">landscape</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Ginza">Ginza</span>, <span word="Tokyo">Tokyo</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="premium">premium</span> <span word="shopping">shopping</span> <span word="district">district</span>. <span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="street">street</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Gucci">Gucci</span> <span word="store">store</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="replaced">replaced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="fashion">fashion</span> <span word="outlet">outlet</span> <span word="XXI">XXI</span> <span word="Forever">Forever</span>. <span word="Next">Next</span> <span word="door">door</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="luxury">luxury</span> <span word="jeweller">jeweller</span> <span word="Mauboussin">Mauboussin</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="casual">casual</span> <span word="clothes">clothes</span> <span word="retailer">retailer</span> <span word="g">g</span>.<span word="u">u</span>. <span word="is">is</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="brisk">brisk</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="offering">offering</span> <span word="cotton">cotton</span> <span word="maxi">maxi</span> <span word="dresses">dresses</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Y">Y</span>990.</p><p>迷失于通缩中的10年，改变了东京高档购物区银座(<span word="Ginza">Ginza</span>)的景象。在主要购物街上，古驰(<span word="Gucci">Gucci</span>)门店已被低成本时装公司<span word="XXI">XXI</span> <span word="Forever">Forever</span>的店铺所取代。在豪华珠宝商<span word="Mauboussin">Mauboussin</span>的隔壁，休闲服饰零售商<span word="g">g</span>.<span word="u">u</span>.生意兴隆，店里销售的棉质长裙售价990日元。</p><p><span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="mired">mired</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="deflation">deflation</span> <span word="since">since</span> 1999, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> “<span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="decade">decade</span>”. <span word="Consumer">Consumer</span> <span word="prices">prices</span>, <span word="excluding">excluding</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>, <span word="have">have</span> <span word="fallen">fallen</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="since">since</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exception">exception</span> <span word="of">of</span> 2008, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="flat">flat</span>. <span word="Meanwhile">Meanwhile</span>, <span word="nominal">nominal</span> <span word="gross">gross</span> <span word="domestic">domestic</span> <span word="product">product</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="reflects">reflects</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="impact">impact</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="deflation">deflation</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="fallen">fallen</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Y">Y</span>505<span word="tn">tn</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1999 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="Y">Y</span>468<span word="tn">tn</span> ($5.8<span word="tn">tn</span>) <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span>.</p><p>自1999年以来，日本一直受到通缩的困扰，这一时期被称作“失落的10年”(<span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="decade">decade</span>)。1999年以后，消费价格（不包括食品和能源）每年都在下跌——2008年除外，当年价格与上年持平。与此同时，反映通缩影响的名义国内生产总值(<span word="GDP">GDP</span>)，从1999年的505万亿日元降至去年的468万亿日元(合5.8万亿美元)。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="term">term</span> <span word="slump">slump</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="forced">forced</span> <span word="businesses">businesses</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Japan">Japan</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="slash">slash</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="and">and</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="cases">cases</span>, <span word="completely">completely</span> <span word="rethink">rethink</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="model">model</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="Japanese">Japanese</span> <span word="companies">companies</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="managed">managed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="avoid">avoid</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worst">worst</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="deflation">deflation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="thrive">thrive</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="circumstances">circumstances</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="such">such</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="valuable">valuable</span> <span word="lessons">lessons</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="businesses">businesses</span> <span word="settling">settling</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="haul">haul</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beleaguered">beleaguered</span> <span word="economies">economies</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="west">west</span>.</p>
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