鸽子竟是数学高手?
<p><span word="By">By</span> <span word="now">now</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="birds">birds</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="known">known</span>. <span word="Alex">Alex</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="African">African</span> <span word="gray">gray</span> <span word="parrot">parrot</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="verbal">verbal</span> <span word="skills">skills</span>. <span word="Scrub">Scrub</span> <span word="jays">jays</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="hide">hide</span> <span word="caches">caches</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="seeds">seeds</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="food">food</span>, <span word="have">have</span> <span word="remarkable">remarkable</span> <span word="memories">memories</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Caledonian">Caledonian</span> <span word="crows">crows</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="tools">tools</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="plumber">plumber</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="shame">shame</span>。</p><p>众所周知，鸟类极为聪明。一只名叫阿历克斯的非洲灰鹦鹉有不同寻常的口语能力；灌丛鸦能秘密隐藏种子和其他食物，有很强的记忆力；新喀里多尼亚鸦制作和使用工具的方式能让普通的家庭管道工自愧弗如。</p><p><span word="Pigeons">Pigeons</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="turns">turns</span> <span word="out">out</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="slouches">slouches</span> <span word="either">either</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="count">count</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="sorts">sorts</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="bees">bees</span>, <span word="can">can</span> <span word="count">count</span>。</p><p>事实证明，鸽子的智力也不赖。它们会数数，这是尽人皆知的事实。但很多种动物，包括蜜峰，也会数数。</p><p><span word="Pigeons">Pigeons</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="abstract">abstract</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="numbers">numbers</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="demonstrated">demonstrated</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="primates">primates</span>。</p><p>近来人们研究发现，鸽子能学习抽象的数字规则，而这项能力目前为止仅在灵长目动物身上得以证实。</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1990<span word="s">s</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="trained">trained</span> <span word="rhesus">rhesus</span> <span word="monkeys">monkeys</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="items">items</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="screen">screen</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rank">rank</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lowest">lowest</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="items">items</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="highest">highest</span>。</p><p>在20世纪90年代，科学家们训练恒河猴，让它们看屏幕上的几组物品，并按物品数量从少到多的顺序进行排列。</p>
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