研究:群策不一定更有利
<p><span word="Groupthink">Groupthink</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="override">override</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="individuality">individuality</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="favor">favor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unanimity">unanimity</span>. <span word="Scholars">Scholars</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="ascribed">ascribed</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="decision">decision</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="groupthink">groupthink</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>. <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Vietnam">Vietnam</span> <span word="War">War</span>.</p><p>集体审议是这样的一个现象：小组中的成员为了达到一致性将个人的想法抑制了。学者们将糟糕的决策归咎于集体审议，比如在越南战争中美国的决议。</p><p><span word="But">But</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="outsiders">outsiders</span> <span word="interpret">interpret</span> <span word="groupthink">groupthink</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="observe">observe</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="members">members</span>?</p><p>但是作为局外人，当他们看到集体和个人的行为的时候，如何来看到这样的集体审议呢？</p><p><span word="A">A</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="subjects">subjects</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="groups">groups</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="corporations">corporations</span>, <span word="sports">sports</span> <span word="teams">teams</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="parties">parties</span>, <span word="about">about</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="collective">collective</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span>. <span word="Subjects">Subjects</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="rated">rated</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="member">member</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="mind">mind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="own">own</span>. <span word="Finally">Finally</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="rated">rated</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="perceived">perceived</span> <span word="cohesiveness">cohesiveness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="group">group</span>.</p><p>一个研究团队有诸如公司、运动队和政府党派的课题组，研究关于每个团队有多少集体智慧。这项课题同样也也测试出组中的成员有多少他们自己的想法。最终他们获得了所谓的团队的凝聚力。</p><p><span word="And">And</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="perception">perception</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="cohesive">cohesive</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="members">members</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="independent">independent</span> <span word="thought">thought</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="journal">journal</span> <span word="Psychological">Psychological</span> <span word="Science">Science</span>.</p><p>得到的观念是一个团队越凝聚，其中的成员越少有自己独立的想法。这一发现在《心理学》中。</p>
页:
[1]