第三只眼看“小悦悦事件”：旁观者效应
<p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="bystander">bystander</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Genovese">Genovese</span> <span word="syndrome">syndrome</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="psychological">psychological</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cases">cases</span> <span word="where">where</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="offer">offer</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="emergency">emergency</span> <span word="situation">situation</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="victim">victim</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="present">present</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="probability">probability</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="inversely">inversely</span> <span word="related">related</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bystanders">bystanders</span>; <span word="in">in</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="words">words</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bystanders">bystanders</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="help">help</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="mere">mere</span> <span word="presence">presence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="bystanders">bystanders</span> <span word="greatly">greatly</span> <span word="decreases">decreases</span> <span word="intervention">intervention</span>.</p><p>旁观者现象是一种社会心理学现象，指在紧急情况由于有他人在场而没有对受害者提供帮助的情况。救助行为出现的可能与在场旁观人数成反比，即旁观人数越多，救助行为出现的可能性就越小。</p><p><span word="This">This</span> <span word="happens">happens</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bystanders">bystanders</span> <span word="increases">increases</span>, <span word="any">any</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="bystander">bystander</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="notice">notice</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="incident">incident</span>, <span word="less">less</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="interpret">interpret</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="incident">incident</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="assume">assume</span> <span word="responsibility">responsibility</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="taking">taking</span> <span word="action">action</span>.</p><p>这是因为随着旁观者数量的增加，任何一个旁观者就越是不容易注意到发生了什么，也越是不容易将发生的事情看做是麻烦，因此也就越是不容易产生采取行动的责任感。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Kitty">Kitty</span> <span word="Genovese">Genovese</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="cited">cited</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="example">example</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> "<span word="bystander">bystander</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>". <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="originally">originally</span> <span word="stimulated">stimulated</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="psychological">psychological</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="area">area</span>. 28 <span word="year">year</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="Kitty">Kitty</span> <span word="Genovese">Genovese</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="stabbed">stabbed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="March">March</span> 13, 1964 <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="serial">serial</span> <span word="rapist">rapist</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="murderer">murderer</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="Queens">Queens</span>, <span word="New">New</span> <span word="York">York</span> <span word="apartment">apartment</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="at">at</span> 3<span word="am">am</span>. <span word="According">According</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span> <span word="accounts">accounts</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="attack">attack</span> <span word="lasted">lasted</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="Genovese">Genovese</span> <span word="screamed">screamed</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pleaded">pleaded</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="help">help</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="murderer">murderer</span> <span word="attacked">attacked</span> <span word="Genovese">Genovese</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="stabbed">stabbed</span> <span word="her">her</span>, <span word="then">then</span> <span word="fled">fled</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="scene">scene</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="attracting">attracting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="neighbor">neighbor</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="killer">killer</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="returned">returned</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="assault">assault</span>. <span word="Newspaper">Newspaper</span> <span word="reports">reports</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="Genovese">Genovese</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="claimed">claimed</span> <span word="that">that</span> 38 <span word="witnesses">witnesses</span> <span word="watched">watched</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stabbings">stabbings</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="failed">failed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="intervene">intervene</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="contact">contact</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="police">police</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="attacker">attacker</span> <span word="fled">fled</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Genovese">Genovese</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="died">died</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="widespread">widespread</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="attention">attention</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="editorials">editorials</span>.</p>
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