研究：婴儿15月大就能明辨是非
<p><span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="qualities">qualities</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="distinguishes">distinguishes</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>。</p><p><span word="And">And</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="skill">skill</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="babies">babies</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="possess">possess</span>。</p><p><span word="Infants">Infants</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="understanding">understanding</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="fair">fair</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="unfair">unfair</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="possessions">possessions</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="others">others</span>。</p><p><span word="Babies">Babies</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="differentiate">differentiate</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="unequal">unequal</span> <span word="distribution">distribution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="food">food</span>, <span word="showing">showing</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="awareness">awareness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fairness">fairness</span>, <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="said">said</span>。</p><p><span word="There">There</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="link">link</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="sensitive">sensitive</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="babies">babies</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="fair">fair</span> <span word="behaviour">behaviour</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="whether">whether</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="willing">willing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="favourite">favourite</span> <span word="toy">toy</span>。</p><p><span word="Jessica">Jessica</span> <span word="Sommerville">Sommerville</span>, <span word="associate">associate</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="psychology">psychology</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Washington">Washington</span>, <span word="said">said</span>: '<span word="Our">Our</span> <span word="findings">findings</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="norms">norms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fairness">fairness</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="altruism">altruism</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="rapidly">rapidly</span> <span word="acquired">acquired</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="thought">thought</span>。</p><p>'<span word="These">These</span> <span word="results">results</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="connection">connection</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="fairness">fairness</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="altruism">altruism</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="infants">infants</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="babies">babies</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="sensitive">sensitive</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fair">fair</span> <span word="distribution">distribution</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="share">share</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="preferred">preferred</span> <span word="toy">toy</span>.'</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="research">research</span>, <span word="published">published</span> <span word="today">today</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="journal">journal</span> <span word="PLoS">PLoS</span> <span word="ONE">ONE</span>, <span word="involved">involved</span> <span word="showing">showing</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="videos">videos</span> <span word="to">to</span> 15-<span word="month">month</span>-<span word="old">old</span> <span word="babies">babies</span>。</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bowl">bowl</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="crackers">crackers</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="distributed">distributed</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="people">people</span> - <span word="first">first</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="allocation">allocation</span></p><p><span word="of">of</span> <span word="crackers">crackers</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="crackers">crackers</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="second">second</span> <span word="video">video</span> <span word="showed">showed</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="jug">jug</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="milk">milk</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="shared">shared</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="way">way</span>。</p>
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