科学家称大脑会“占卜” 每个人都是预言家
<p><span word="People">People</span> <span word="subconsciously">subconsciously</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="thousands">thousands</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tiny">tiny</span> <span word="predictions">predictions</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="e">e</span>.<span word="g">g</span>., <span word="when">when</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bus">bus</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="arrive">arrive</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="knocking">knocking</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="door">door</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dropped">dropped</span> <span word="glass">glass</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="break">break</span>。</p><p><span word="Researchers">Researchers</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Washington">Washington</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="St">St</span> <span word="Louis">Louis</span> <span word="focused">focused</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mid">mid</span>-<span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="dopamine">dopamine</span> <span word="system">system</span> (<span word="MDS">MDS</span>)， <span word="which">which</span> <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="signals">signals</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rest">rest</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="unexpected">unexpected</span> <span word="events">events</span> <span word="occur">occur</span>。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="tested">tested</span> <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="young">young</span> <span word="volunteers">volunteers</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="films">films</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="everyday">everyday</span> <span word="events">events</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="stopped">stopped</span>. <span word="Participants">Participants</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="asked">asked</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="predict">predict</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="happen">happen</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="seconds">seconds</span> <span word="later">later</span>。</p><p><span word="Half">Half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="movie">movie</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="stopped">stopped</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="event">event</span> <span word="boundary">boundary</span>, <span word="when">when</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="event">event</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="start">start</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="film">film</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="stopped">stopped</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="event">event</span>。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="participants">participants</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 90 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="correct">correct</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="predicting">predicting</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="event">event</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> 80 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="correct">correct</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="predicting">predicting</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="event">event</span> <span word="boundary">boundary</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="confident">confident</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="predictions">predictions</span>。</p><p><span word="Using">Using</span> <span word="functional">functional</span> <span word="MRI">MRI</span> (<span word="FMRI">FMRI</span>)， <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="encodes">encodes</span> <span word="prediction">prediction</span> <span word="error">error</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="participants">participants</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="prediction">prediction</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="saw">saw</span> <span word="significant">significant</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="mid">mid</span>-<span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="regions">regions</span>, <span word="among">among</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="substantial">substantial</span> <span word="nigra">nigra</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="affected">affected</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Parkinson">Parkinson</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="disease">disease</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="controlling">controlling</span> <span word="movement">movement</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="making">making</span> <span word="adaptive">adaptive</span> <span word="decisions">decisions</span>。</p><p><span word="Lead">Lead</span> <span word="researcher">researcher</span> <span word="Jeffrey">Jeffrey</span> <span word="Zacks">Zacks</span> <span word="said">said</span>: "<span word="Successful">Successful</span> <span word="predictions">predictions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="subjective">subjective</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="smooth">smooth</span> <span word="stream">stream</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="consciousness">consciousness</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="minute">minute</span>, <span word="our">our</span> <span word="predictions">predictions</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="wrong">wrong</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="perceive">perceive</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="break">break</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stream">stream</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="consciousness">consciousness</span>."</p>
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