冰山效应：八分之一与八分之七的艺术
<p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="Iceberg">Iceberg</span> <span word="Theory">Theory</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="term">term</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="describe">describe</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="style">style</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="writer">writer</span> <span word="Ernest">Ernest</span> <span word="Hemingway">Hemingway</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="this">this</span>: <span word="The">The</span> <span word="meaning">meaning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="piece">piece</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="immediately">immediately</span> <span word="evident">evident</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crux">crux</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="story">story</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> <span word="below">below</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surface">surface</span>, <span word="just">just</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mass">mass</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="iceberg">iceberg</span> <span word="similarly">similarly</span> <span word="lies">lies</span> <span word="beneath">beneath</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surface">surface</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Old">Old</span> <span word="Man">Man</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Sea">Sea</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="meditation">meditation</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="youth">youth</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="age">age</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="protagonist">protagonist</span> <span word="spends">spends</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="thinking">thinking</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="terms">terms</span>.</p><p>“冰山理论”是一个用来形容美国作家欧内斯特·海明威的写作风格的术语。具体是指：一篇作品的的意义不是显而易见的，因为故事的要义往往隐藏在表面之下。比如，《老人与海》是是关于对年龄的思考，但作品中的主要人物并没有在这个问题上花费什么时间。</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="Death">Death</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="AfternoonIf">AfternoonIf</span>, <span word="Hemingway">Hemingway</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span>: <span word="a">a</span> <span word="writer">writer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="prose">prose</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="omit">omit</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reader">reader</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="writer">writer</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="writing">writing</span> <span word="truly">truly</span> <span word="enough">enough</span>, <span word="will">will</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="though">though</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="writer">writer</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="stated">stated</span> <span word="them">them</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="dignity">dignity</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="movement">movement</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ice">ice</span>-<span word="berg">berg</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="due">due</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span>-<span word="eighth">eighth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="water">water</span>.</p><p>在《午后之死》中，海明威写道：如果一个作家真正知道自己在写什么的话，即使他省略掉这些东西，读者还是能够理解他想要表达的内容。冰山运动之雄伟壮观，是因为他只有八分之一在水面上。</p><p>知识扫盲:</p>
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