改变世界的17种物质
<p><span word="SYDNEY">SYDNEY</span>: <span word="All">All</span> <span word="molecules">molecules</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="equal">equal</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="saved">saved</span> <span word="billions">billions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="lives">lives</span>, <span word="wreaked">wreaked</span> <span word="environmental">environmental</span> <span word="havoc">havoc</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="colorful">colorful</span> <span word="place">place</span>. <span word="Here">Here</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="selection">selection</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="changed">changed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="course">course</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="history">history</span>. 发自悉尼：分子并非同时被创造。它们当中有的已经存在亿万年，或者造成环境的大破坏，或者让世界变得更加丰富多彩。在这里，我们将选出十七种改变人类历史进程的物质分子。</p><p><span word="PENICILLIN">PENICILLIN</span> — <span word="R">R</span>-<span word="C">C</span>9<span word="H">H</span>11<span word="N">N</span>2<span word="O">O</span>4<span word="S">S</span></p><p><span word="When">When</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="microbiologist">microbiologist</span> <span word="Alexander">Alexander</span> <span word="Fleming">Fleming</span> <span word="stumbled">stumbled</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="penicillin">penicillin</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1928, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="couldn">couldn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="imagined">imagined</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="impact">impact</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="medicine">medicine</span>. <span word="Fleming">Fleming</span> <span word="noticed">noticed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Petri">Petri</span> <span word="dishes">dishes</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="mould">mould</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="grew">grew</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="bacteria">bacteria</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="discovered">discovered</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="antibiotic">antibiotic</span>. <span word="Before">Before</span> <span word="penicillin">penicillin</span> <span word="came">came</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="widespread">widespread</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1940<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="wounds">wounds</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="diseases">diseases</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="syphilis">syphilis</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="killers">killers</span>; <span word="antibiotics">antibiotics</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="saved">saved</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="estimated">estimated</span> 200 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="lives">lives</span>.</p><p>青霉素<span word="R">R</span>-<span word="C">C</span>9<span word="H">H</span>11<span word="N">N</span>2<span word="O">O</span>4<span word="S">S</span></p><p>1928年，当英国微生物学家亚历山大·弗莱明首次发现青霉素时，他并没有料到这种物质对现代医学造成怎样的影响。弗莱明注意到，在发霉的培养皿中没有生长任何细菌，由此，他发现了第一种抗生素。到1940年代青霉素被广泛使用之前，像梅毒这样的创伤病害便足以杀死人类；自从抗生素被发现之后，据估计它们至少拯救了两亿生命。</p><p><span word="SODIUM">SODIUM</span> <span word="CHLORIDE">CHLORIDE</span> — <span word="NaCl">NaCl</span></p>
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