1个月不吃甜食会怎样?竟然性情大变
<p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="neuroscience">neuroscience</span>, <span word="food">food</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="a">a</span> "<span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="reward">reward</span>". <span word="In">In</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="survive">survive</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="species">species</span>, <span word="things">things</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="eating">eating</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="pleasurable">pleasurable</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="behaviours">behaviours</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="reinforced">reinforced</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="repeated">repeated</span>.</p><p>在神经科学中，我们称食物为“自然奖励”。为了让我们作为一个物种生存下来，像吃饭这样的事情必须让大脑愉悦，这样这些行为才能得到强化和重复。</p><p><span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="foods">foods</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="equally">equally</span> <span word="rewarding">rewarding</span>, <span word="of">of</span> <span word="course">course</span>. <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="sweets">sweets</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="sour">sour</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="bitter">bitter</span> <span word="foods">foods</span> <span word="because">because</span>, <span word="evolutionarily">evolutionarily</span>, <span word="our">our</span> <span word="mesolimbic">mesolimbic</span> <span word="pathway">pathway</span> <span word="reinforces">reinforces</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="sweet">sweet</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="source">source</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="carbohydrates">carbohydrates</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="bodies">bodies</span>.</p><p>当然，并非所有的食物都有同样的回报。我们大多数人喜欢甜食而不是酸的和苦的食物，因为从进化上讲，我们的中边缘通路不断加固甜食为我们的身体提供健康碳水化合物。</p><p><span word="Anyone">Anyone</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="sweet">sweet</span> <span word="tooth">tooth</span>. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="friend">friend</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fellow">fellow</span> <span word="graduate">graduate</span> <span word="student">student</span> <span word="Andrew">Andrew</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="equally">equally</span> <span word="afflicted">afflicted</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Hershey">Hershey</span>, <span word="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</span> – <span word="the">the</span> "<span word="Chocolate">Chocolate</span> <span word="Capital">Capital</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="World">World</span>" – <span word="doesn">doesn</span>'<span word="t">t</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span>.</p><p>认识我的人都知道我超爱吃甜食。我的研究生朋友安德鲁也深受其苦，住在“巧克力世界之都”宾夕法尼亚州的好时市也没帮上我俩什么。</p><p><span word="But">But</span> <span word="Andrew">Andrew</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="braver">braver</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="am">am</span>. <span word="Last">Last</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="gave">gave</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="sweets">sweets</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="Lent">Lent</span>.</p><p>但安德鲁比我有魄力。去年，他为了四旬斋戒了糖果。</p>
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