你可能见过杠精，但你见过隐形杠精吗？
<p>说起杠精，大家现在应该都不陌生了，不过你知道最近又流行起一个说法叫“隐形杠精”吗？</p><p>这指的就是那些不明着跟你抬杠，但是一直用一些不直接的方式跟你作对的人。</p><p>其实心理学上对此有个更专业的说法，叫“消极性攻击”（<span word="passive">passive</span>-<span word="aggressive">aggressive</span>），指的是用不直接的方式表达反抗（<span word="defiance">defiance</span>）与敌意（<span word="hostility">hostility</span>）</p><p><span word="These">These</span> <span word="behaviors">behaviors</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="include">include</span> <span word="deliberately">deliberately</span> "<span word="forgetting">forgetting</span>" <span word="or">or</span> <span word="procrastinating">procrastinating</span>, <span word="complaining">complaining</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="appreciation">appreciation</span> , <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sullen">sullen</span> <span word="demeanor">demeanor</span>.</p><p>这一类行为包括：故意“忘记”某些事情、拖延、抱怨别人不够感激、或是摆出一份闷闷不乐的样子。</p><p>这种行为曾经被称作“消极攻击性人格障碍”（<span word="passive">passive</span>-<span word="aggressive">aggressive</span> <span word="personality">personality</span> <span word="disorder">disorder</span>），被视为一种精神病。</p><p>现在它已经不被归为精神病了，不过依旧在心理学领域受到关注。</p><p>目前，对于消极性攻击人格障碍的成因有5种说法，但需要注意的是，他们中的大多数都还没有确凿的证据，只是推测性的（<span word="speculative">speculative</span>）</p><p>下面就来看看这5个方面吧：</p><p>#1 <span word="Psychoanalytic">Psychoanalytic</span>.</p><p>从精神分析的角度来说</p><p>毫不意外，一谈到精神分析就要说弗洛伊德，这个方向正是基于弗洛伊德的研究，它着重于看人的潜意识。</p><p><span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="psychoanalytic">psychoanalytic</span> <span word="view">view</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="exhibit">exhibit</span> <span word="passive">passive</span>-<span word="aggressive">aggressive</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="attempting">attempting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reconcile">reconcile</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="agreeable">agreeable</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="desire">desire</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="express">express</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="negative">negative</span> <span word="attitude">attitude</span>.</p>
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