Ancient Chinese built Forbidden City with stones dragged on ice
<p><span word="Download">Download</span></p><p><span word="What">What</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="instantly">instantly</span> <span word="noticeable">noticeable</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Forbidden">Forbidden</span> <span word="City">City</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="served">served</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="home">home</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="emperors">emperors</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="households">households</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> 500 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="the">the</span> 15<span word="th">th</span> <span word="century">century</span>, <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="enormous">enormous</span> <span word="white">white</span> <span word="stone">stone</span> <span word="foundations">foundations</span> <span word="supporting">supporting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="historical">historical</span> <span word="site">site</span>'<span word="s">s</span> 980 <span word="wooden">wooden</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span>.</p><p>"<span word="You">You</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Forbidden">Forbidden</span> <span word="City">City</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="massive">massive</span> <span word="rocks">rocks</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span>: '<span word="How">How</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="ever">ever</span> <span word="move">move</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="rock">rock</span> <span word="here">here</span>?'" <span word="said">said</span> <span word="Thomas">Thomas</span> <span word="Stone">Stone</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="department">department</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mechanical">mechanical</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="aerospace">aerospace</span> <span word="engineering">engineering</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Princeton">Princeton</span> <span word="University">University</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="quoted">quoted</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Nature">Nature</span> <span word="magazine">magazine</span>.</p><p><span word="Stone">Stone</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="three">three</span>-<span word="person">person</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="recently">recently</span> <span word="discovered">discovered</span> <span word="how">how</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="report">report</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Tuesday">Tuesday</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Proceedings">Proceedings</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Academy">Academy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Sciences">Sciences</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="revealed">revealed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="architects">architects</span> <span word="hauled">hauled</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rocks">rocks</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="quarries">quarries</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Fangshan">Fangshan</span>, <span word="located">located</span> 70 <span word="kilometers">kilometers</span> <span word="south">south</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="downtown">downtown</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span>, <span word="on">on</span> <span word="wooden">wooden</span> <span word="sledges">sledges</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="roads">roads</span>.</p><p><span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="Jiang">Jiang</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="expert">expert</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="mechanical">mechanical</span> <span word="engineering">engineering</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Science">Science</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Technology">Technology</span> <span word="Beijing">Beijing</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="member">member</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="performed">performed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="found">found</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="documents">documents</span> <span word="describing">describing</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="transported">transported</span> <span word="a">a</span> 120-<span word="metric">metric</span>-<span word="ton">ton</span> <span word="rock">rock</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="repair">repair</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="halls">halls</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Forbidden">Forbidden</span> <span word="City">City</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1557.</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="ancient">ancient</span> <span word="document">document</span>, <span word="Lianggong">Lianggong</span> <span word="Dingjian">Dingjian</span> <span word="Ji">Ji</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="translates">translates</span> <span word="as">as</span> "<span word="the">the</span> <span word="reconstruction">reconstruction</span> <span word="record">record</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="palaces">palaces</span>", <span word="detailed">detailed</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="man">man</span>-<span word="made">made</span> <span word="ice">ice</span> <span word="paths">paths</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="transport">transport</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="stone">stone</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="process">process</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="methodical">methodical</span>: <span word="every">every</span> <span word="half">half</span> <span word="kilometer">kilometer</span>, <span word="wells">wells</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="dug">dug</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="obtain">obtain</span> <span word="water">water</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="poured">poured</span> <span word="onto">onto</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="road">road</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="allowed">allowed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="freeze">freeze</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="friction">friction</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sledges">sledges</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="road">road</span>.</p>
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